A Paper on Hiring Ethics an Example of the Topic Career by

A Paper on Hiring Ethics The ethical dilemma in this situation is who to employ as the new marketing manager. Whether it is the person who really needs the job because of some deep financial needs and family concerns but is barely able to do the job right, or the employ the person that could do an outstanding job, fitting in with just the right qualification plus a masters degree in marketing yet is of a different racial domination. This dilemma is about what is morally correct, and about what could have been correct, yet it was overshadowed by another concern, like how many mouths does the salary of a person has to feed, or if that person has a sick relative and is in great need of money. Need essay sample on "A Paper on Hiring Ethics" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Much more if the reason for not accepting a very qualified candidate just because this candidate is Mexican and the co-manager you are working with simply does not want her for unspecified reasons. Her work is of acceptable quality, based mainly on her background profile and her masters degree just says it all. If you consider the importance of the hiring a Mexican of a top caliber, as compared to those whose works may probably be under expectations, this would incur a further opportunity cost to the company. Furthermore, if another company would happen to hire her without minding much about her ethnicity being Mexican, this could pose yet another threat and loss to the company since the other company would have a slight advantage in their workforce. Not to mention that if other companies would know that our company let go of such a talented candidate because of her being Mexican, it would draw out a negative picture in the company's human resource planning (Thailand. Samnakngan Khan a Kammakan Watthanatham haeng Chat., 2001). If I was a bright and energetic manager of that certain company, I would definitely talk with my colleague about the matter and ask for a tangible ground for not considering the Mexican for the position (Lagan & Moran, 2006). This should be done in a professional manner so as not to harm any professional relationships I have with my colleague. If and then that certain ground my colleague would give me is valid, then I have no choice but to accept that as my own decision as well. Otherwise, especially if it would be because of ethnicity or other personal reasons he still would not dare specify, then I would have to take appropriate actions and file for a case against him in the upper management office for discrimination. Not hiring an application because of gender, race, religion, or ethnicity is punishable under US laws and could be filed against the company (Cohen, 2003). For instance, if the applicant files a case on the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) against the company, the latter could loose its license to operate if appropriate measures are not done at an early stage. This is punishable under the Title VII of the Civil Right Act of 1964 (Charlesworth & Catholic Education Office (Melbourne Vic.), 2004). Once the company would be sanctioned, the company would then be obliged to pay the discriminated applicant pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1991 (Australian Association of Social Workers., 2000). With that in mind, it would be such a grave mistake to turn down an applicant on the grounds of her being a Mexican. However, if that Mexican is an illegal alien, then measures could be implemented and her being turned down would be a valid reason but that is a different story already. The point is, I am, in this case both a stakeholder and the decision maker. I am a stakeholder because I must do my job as a manager of and yet I also must decide on what actions to be done so as to address the problem, thus, a decision maker. Ethical issues surround this case because my colleague contemplated an option which he should not done in the first place because he was somewhat biased. Kant, in his categorical imperative theory defined an imperative as any proposition that declares a certain action (or inaction) to be necessary (Categorical Imperative, Wikipidea, para.1). In this case something must be done immediately because the higher authority is not happy about the fines that are being levied onto the company. Reference: Australian Association of Social Workers. (2000). AASW : by -law on ethics: Barton Australian Association of Social Workers. Charlesworth, H. C., & Catholic Education Office (Melbourne Vic.). (2004). 2004 Catholic Education Week address : building bridges : the Catholic Church and human rights. [Melbourne: Catholic Education Office. Cohen, M. (2003). 101 ethical dilemmas. London ; New York: Routledge. Lagan, A., & Moran, B. (2006). 3D ethics : implementing workplace values : personal, organisational and social dimensions of business ethics. Maleny, Qld.: eContent Management. Thailand. Samnakngan Khana Kammakan Watthanatham haeng Chat. (2001). 108 withi mop namchai hai kaekan (Phim khrang thi 1. ed.). Krung Thep: Samnakngan Khana Kammakan Watthanatham haeng Chat.

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buy custom Health Promotion essay Health promotion is a process that allows people to heighten measures for controlling and improving their health. The process centers not only on personal behavior, but also encompasses other social and environmental factors. This article will focus on three peer reviewed journals that addresses health promotion procedures in control of diabetes. The journals have defined health promotion in the perspective of lifestyle change to curb health threats posed by diabetes. The major aspect of lifestyle risks is obesity. It is a condition that is encouraged by high intake of diets rich in energy accompanied by minimal physical activity. Therefore, health promotion process will dwell on implementation of the various types of diets and exercise plans to prevent diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is currently a public health problem in the world. Although there are other contributory factors towards origin of the disease, individual lifestyle becomes a core factor for consideration. People have adopted lifestyles that are very detrimental to their health. The authors of these three journals have demonstrated the relationship that exists between diet and physical exercises to type II diabetes. Health promotion interventions are very important in addressing the various issues that affect peoples health. A combination of various health promotion strategies includes the improvement of individual life skills and intensification of communal actions. Consequently, these steps lead to formation of a favorable and helpful environment for health. A lot of resources are used in treatment of diabetic conditions (The British Dietetic Association Ltd, 2010). The overall cost of treating and managing the disease is immensely high. It incorporates the cost of medication, support from workplace as well as socil and healthcare facilities. Therefore, if people are empowered on ways to avoid getting diabetes, the cost that could have otherwise been used to treat the disease, would be directed towards other valuable developments. The roles of nurses have greatly changed overtime. Traditionally, nurses provided the best avenues for implementation of health promotion programs. This is because they had and still have frequent contact with the patients and the general public. Currently, focus on healthcare has been diversified to include every member of the community not just diabetic patients alone (Polikandrioti Dokoutsidou, 2009). Therefore, nurses have the responsibility of helping the society manage diseases that form part of their daily lives. People have not only become very concerned about their health but also, they are more knowledgeable on issues affecting their health than the way the situation was some decades ago. Modern health promotion campaigns aims at assisting people control their diseases and adopt lifestyles that will help to correct and minimize the effect of the problem. Some health institutions and other related authorities are considering involving the nurses in the role of supervising implementation of the health awareness among members of the society. This would increase the active role of nurses in health promotion programs. It would lead to realization of better results and hence the entire community would benefit (The British Dietetic Association Ltd, 2010). Implementation methods are those processes that pulls together the collaborative efforts of everyone involved in the health promotion program. One of the methods involves use of the training institutions for nurses. This helps to prepare the nurses while still on training by equipping them with the right skills ffor effective implementation of the program. Additionally, inclusion of other like-minded stakeholders with proper organization systems helps in successful realization of the program. Presence of resourceful government agencies and non-governmental organizations helps to strengthen systems that have already been laid out for implementation of the health promotion program. Most of the chronic diseases can be prevented if attention was directed towards prevention. The main objective in prevention of type II diabetes through health promotion programs is to enhance the quality of life for the society. There are three levels of health promotion prevention. They include primary, secondary and tertiary levels. Primary prevention is the fundamental level of prevention since it involves creating awareness to healthy people who have not yet been affected by the disease. It therefore incorporates strategies that create a favorable atmosphere that promotes healthy living. Primary prevention involves prior planning by anticipating the best ways to avoid occurrence of a problem. On the other hand, secondary prevention involves detection of a disease or a problem before it is typically established. It requires the skillfulness of the nurses and other health professionals to identify risk factors that when reverted, results to prevention of occurrence of the problem. Finally, tertiary prevention occurs when the disease has already set in and become pronounced in the person. It involves treatment of the disease so as to control its effects on the health of the ailing person and even attain healing at the long run (Walker et al., 2010). This level of prevention aims at reducing pain and other complications from the disease so that the patients can regain their health and lead normal lives. Buy custom Health Promotion essay

Human genetic enhancement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Human genetic enhancement - Essay Example However, with the continued research and development (R&D) headed by scientists stationed mainly in Oregon and Newcastle, there were discoveries made that uncovered the biotechnology’s ability to facilitate more than just medical corrections. These ‘other’ application areas that human genetic enhancement promised are the center of ethical and scientific wars that form a significant battleground for the US policy makers in making decisions regarding human genetic enhancement. This synthesis paper shall scrutinize the readings provided to come up with the key issues US policy makers need to put into consideration in a task of installing laws regarding human genetic enhancement. The benefits of human genetic enhancement, if implemented along ethical and lawful limits, outweigh the disadvantages that the biotechnological advancement could come along with in improving human life. Merits of human genetic enhancement The key consideration that the US policy makers would have as the ultimate reason to allow human genetic enhancement would be the prevention of diseases. Stock (2003) elucidated this fact by analyzing a study that demonstrated the possibility of a strain in the genetic makeup of people with Down syndrome having the ability to reduce cancer incidences by 90%. This study was a clear indication that human genetic enhancement

Enterprise risk management Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Enterprise risk management - Literature review Example ERM involves taking a proactive view of the entire business or organisation rather than looking at risk as simply a matter of special project overview to identify threats. It goes far beyond the typical SWOT analysis that looks at different weaknesses and threats and recognises the whole of the business as a functional unit that is inter-connected whereby multitudes of risk possibilities exist. This literature review describes what constitutes enterprise risk management, its major components and also provides an identification of how an ERM programme can be designed into virtually any industry. 2. Defining a stable ERM programme Enterprise risk management is defined as: â€Å"The discipline by which an organisation in any industry assesses, controls, exploits, finances, and monitors risks from all sources for the purpose of increasing the organisation’s short- and long-term value to its stakeholders† (casact.org, 2003, p.8). What makes ERM different from typical risk ma nagement programmes is that it recognises strategic imperatives, thus making it an ongoing part of strategic analysis often dictated by executive leadership and Board governance. Generally, risk management programmes are short-term objectives associated with special project teams, thereby somewhat ignoring the long-term prospects of risk mitigation in multiple areas of the business. Kimmel & Anderson (2010) identify five specific elements of an ERM system to include: 1. Linking risk management to the organisation’s strategy, values and culture – This definition insists that enterprise risk management is linked to the operational and human capital components of the organisation and is tied directly to organisational structure and design. 2. Providing management with a comprehensive and repeatable knowledge base so as to understand how to identify and assess potential risk factors. 3. Assignment of specific roles and responsibilities tied to governance for ERM. 4. The ab ility to provide higher valued knowledge so that managers can make better operational and financial business decisions. 5. Providing risk-related knowledge so that auditing and monitoring is an ongoing part of the programme design. Most organisations that utilise ERM systems recognise four categories of objectives in order to assist organisations in meeting long- and short-term strategic goals. These include, as offered by Moore (2010): 1. Strategic imperatives – These are high-level goals that help align the organisation to its overall mission and value proposition. 2. Operational components – Helping to achieve efficient and effective use of resources organisation-wide, such as marketing, production and accounting (as relevant examples). 3. Reporting – Reporting aspects include financial figures and overall business strengths as related to stakeholders and shareholders. 4. Compliance – Laws and regulatory compliance such as Sarbanes Oxley and other labo ur-related laws that drive business structure and operations. These four objectives are part of the COSO model that is widely used in most organisations that have developed an ERM system, one of the most common models of ERM available. It is a comprehensive tool for identifying and managing risk factors (Moore, 2010). Enterprise risk management is beneficial to the business as it creates a teamwork

The south after the civil war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The south after the civil war - Essay Example Earlier the south enjoyed a competitive advantage over the rest of the country with the help of slave energy and cultivation of huge plots of land. This measure had dual advantage. Firstly, the wage or cost per labor was considerably low and secondly this cost benefit was ploughed back into the agricultural business by buying large plots of land and cultivating huge area at one time. Thus it is obvious that the yield this way used to be generating formidable surplus out of the business. Once the civil war was lost and the advantage of slave energy was diminished the landlords or the region found it difficult to adjust with the changed situation of escalated labor cost and in the process they were forced to employ tenants and divide the land into smaller plots. Both these factors diminished returns and this caused the south to face a low per capita income and in the process became the most backward states of the nation. (Kunreuther, 526-51) However, there are opposing views to this hypothesis. Ransom believed that the main cause of economic degradation was due to the fact there was a substantial amount of racism present in the South even after the Civil War. This racism induced low legal and social support for the African American in the region.

Waterfall Model Lifecycle Model Information Technology Essay

Waterfall Model Lifecycle Model Information Technology Essay Waterfall approach was first Process Model to be introduced and followed widely in Software Engineering to ensure success of the project. In The Waterfall approach, the whole process of software development is divided into separate process phases. The phases in Waterfall model are: Requirement Specifications phase, Software Design, Implementation and Testing Maintenance. All these phases are cascaded to each other so that second phase is started as and when define set of goals are achieved for first phase and it is signed off, so the name Waterfall Model. All the method and process undertaken in Waterfall Model are more visible. Waterfall Model lifecycle modelE:PROGECTpicture]water fall model.JPG Figure 1. : Waterfall Model lifecycle model The stages of The Waterfall Model are Problem definition In this section, you give a short, general description of the system To be analyzed. This should contain a very short description of the Organization or the company for which the analysis is to be done as Well the reasons and advantages why the computerization is needed. The environment of the analysis being done is to come out clearly in This section Requirement Analysis All possible requirements of the system to be developed are captured in this phase. Requirements are set of functionalities and constraints that the end-user (who will be using the system) expects from the system. The requirements are gathered from the end-user by consultation, these requirements are analyzed for their validity and the possibility of incorporating the requirements in the system to be development is also studied. Finally, a Requirement Specification document is created which serves the purpose of guideline for the next phase of the model. System Design Before a starting for actual coding, it is highly important to understand what we are going to create and what it should look like? The requirement specifications from first phase are studied in this phase and system design is prepared. System Design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements and also helps in defining overall system architecture. The system design specifications serve as input for the next phase of the model. Testing As specified above, the system is first divided in units which are developed and tested for their functionalities. These units are integrated into a complete system during Integration phase and tested to check if all modules/units coordinate between each other and the system as a whole behaves as per the specifications. After successfully testing the software, it is delivered to the customer Implementation On receiving system design documents, the work is divided in modules/units and actual coding is started. The system is first developed in small programs called units, which are integrated in the next phase. Each unit is developed and tested for its functionality; this is referred to as Unit Testing. Unit testing mainly verifies if the modules/units meet their specifications. Maintenance This phase of The Waterfall Model is practically never ending phase (Very long). Generally, problems with the system developed (which are not found during the development life cycle) come up after its practical use starts, so the issues related to the system are solved after deployment of the system. Not all the problems come in picture directly but they arise time to time and needs to be solve hence this process is referred as Maintenance. Advantages of the waterfall model The advantage of waterfall development is that it allows for departmentalization and managerial control. A schedule can be set with deadlines for each stage of development and a product can proceed through the development process like a car in a carwash, and theoretically, be delivered on time. Development moves from concept, through design, implementation, testing, installation, troubleshooting, and ends up at operation and maintenance. Each phase of development proceeds in strict order, without any overlapping or iterative steps. Needless to mention, it is a linear model and of lessons, linear models are the most simple to be implemented. The amount of resources required to implement this model is very minimal. One great advantage of the waterfall model is that documentation is produced at every step of the waterfall model development. This makes the understanding of the product designing procedure simpler. After every major stage of software coding, testing is done to test the correct running of the code. Prototyping Throw-away prototyping Throwaway or Rapid Prototyping refers to the creation of a model that will eventually be discarded rather than becoming part of the finally delivered software. After preliminary requirements gathering is accomplished, a simple working model of the system is constructed to visually show the users what their requirements may look like when they are implemented into a finished system. C:Documents and SettingsNIFRASDesktop1.JPG Figure 1.1: throw away proto typing Incremental Prototyping The final product is built as separate prototypes. At the end the separate prototypes are being merged in an overall design. C:Documents and SettingsNIFRASDesktop3.JPG Figure 1.2: Incremental Prototyping Evolutionary Prototyping Evolutionary Prototyping (also known as breadboard prototyping) is quite different from Throwaway Prototyping. The main goal when using Evolutionary Prototyping is to build a very robust prototype in a structured manner and constantly refine it. The reason for this is that the Evolutionary prototype, when built, forms the heart of the new system, and the improvements and further requirements will be builtC:Documents and SettingsNIFRASDesktop2.JPG Figure 1.3: Evolutionary Prototyping Advantages of prototyping Proto types make an ideal tool for defending discussing user interaction User can understand a prototype far easier than most of the standard base of communicating requirements in the form of the model Prototypes very quickly resolve misunderstanding between biasness manager analysis Disadvantages of proto typing Leads to implementing and then repairing way of building systems. Practically, this methodology may increase the complexity of the system as scope of the system may expand beyond original plans. The Spiral Model The spiral model, also known as the spiral lifecycle model, is a systems development method (SDM) used in information technology (IT). This model of development combines the features of the prototyping model and the waterfall model. The spiral model is intended for large, expensive, and complicated projects. The steps in the spiral model can be general as follows The new system requirements are define in as much detail as possible. This generally involves interviewing a number of users representing all the outside or internal users and other aspects of the existing method. A preliminary design is created for the new system. A first prototype of the new system is constructed from the preliminary design. This is usually a scaled-down system, and represents an approximation of the characteristics of the final product. A second prototype is evolved by a fourfold procedure: evaluating the first prototype in terms of its strengths, weaknesses, and risks; defining the requirements of the second prototype planning and designing the second prototype constructing and testing the second prototype. At the customers option, the entire plan can be aborted if the risk is deemed too great. Risk factors might involve development cost overruns, operating-cost miscalculation, or any other factor that could, in the customers judgment, result in a less-than-satisfactory final product. The existing prototype is evaluated in the same manner as was the previous prototype, and, if necessary, another prototype is developed from it according to the fourfold procedure outlined above. The preceding steps are iterated until the consumer is satisfy that the developed Prototype represents the finishing product desired. The final system is constructed, based on the refined prototype. Advantages of spiral model The spiral model is a realistic approach to the development of large-scale software products because the software evolves as the process progresses. In addition, the developer and the client better understand and react to risks at each evolutionary level. The model uses prototyping as a risk reduction mechanism and allows for the development of prototypes at any stage of the evolutionary development. It maintains a systematic stepwise approach, like the classic life cycle model, but incorporates it into an iterative framework that more reflect the real world. Disadvantages of spiral model      1. Highly customized limiting re-usability      2. Applied differently for each application      3. Risk of not meeting budget or schedule      4. Risk of not meeting budget or schedule C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorDesktopspiral model.png Figure 1.4: spiral model Rapid Application Development (RAD) Methodology what is RAD? RAD (rapid application development) is a concept that products can be developed faster and of higher quality through: Gathering requirements using workshops or focus groups Prototyping and early, reiterative user testing of designs The re-use of software components A rigidly paced schedule that defers design improvements to the next product version Less formality in reviews and other team communication Advantages of RAD Early visibility Greater flexibility Standardized look and feel Increased user involvement Buying may save money compared to building Disadvantages of RAD This method may not be useful for large, unique or highly complex projects This method cannot be a success if the team is not sufficiently motivated and nor is unable to work cohesively together. Success depends on the extremely high technical skills of the developers. C:Documents and SettingsNIFRASDesktopproto type.jpg Figure 1.4: RAD model Dynamic System Development Method Dynamic System Development Method is another approach to system development, which, as the name suggests, develops the system dynamically. This methodology is independent of tools, in that it can be used with both structured analysis and design approach or object-oriented approach. Advantages of DSD An importance on testing is so strong that at least one tester is expected to be on each project group Sets stakeholder expectations from the starts of the project that not all requirements will make it into the final deliverable Has specific approach to determining how important each requirements is to iteration Disadvantages of DSD Access to material is controlled by a consortium, and fees may be charged just to access the reference material Probably the most heavy weight project compared in this surveyC:Documents and SettingsAdministratorDesktopdynamic-system-development-method.jpg figure1.2.1: DSD method During the below given reasons I have chosen Waterfall Model for this project It is a linear sequential model It is very simple model to implement Easy to use It is the first model. It needs very few resources to implement Suitable for small projects Water fall model: This is very simple model. It moves like water fall from top to down of SDLC. The drawback of this model is ineffectiveness of verification and Validation activities. TASK 02 The water fall modelE:PROGECTpicture]water fall model.JPG The water fall stages Problem definition Requirement analysis System design Coding testing Implementation Maintenance 1. Problem definition In this section, you give a short, general description of the system to be analyzed. This should contain a very short description of the Organization or the company for which the analysis is to be done as Well the reasons and advantages why the computerization is needed. The environment of the analysis being done is to come out clearly in this section 2. Requirement Analysis All possible requirements of the system to be developed are captured in this phase. Requirements are set of functionalities and constraints that the end-user (who will be using the system) expects from the system. The requirements are gathered from the end-user by consultation, these requirements are analyzed for their validity and the possibility of incorporating the requirements in the system to be development is also studied. Finally, a Requirement Specification document is created which serves the purpose of guideline for the next phase of the model. 3. System Design Before a starting for actual coding, it is highly important to understand what we are going to create and what it should look like? The requirements specifications first phase are studied in this phase and system design is prepared. From System Design helps in specifying hardware and method requirements and also helps in defining overall system architecture. The system design specifications serve up as input for the next phase of the model. 4. Coding Testing As specified above, the system is first divided in units which are developed and tested for their functionalities. These units are integrated into a complete system during Integration phase and tested to check if all modules/units coordinate between each other and the system as a whole behaves as per the specifications. After successfully testing the software, it is delivered to the customer 5. Implementation On receiving system design documents, the work is divided in modules/units and actual coding is started. The system is first developed in small programs called units, which are integrated in the next phase. Each unit is developed and tested for its functionality; this is referred to as Unit Testing. Unit testing mainly verifies if the modules/units meet their specifications. 6. Maintenance This phase of (The Waterfall Model) is in effect never finish phase (Very long). Commonly, difficulty with the system developed (which are not found during the development life cycle) come awake later than its practical use start, so the issues related to the system are solved after deployment of the system. Not all the problems come in images directly but they arise time to time and needs to be solve hence this process is referred as Maintenance. 7. Specification Specification is the first step in the process. In this stage, companies find a problem they want to join and think of a viable result. They then write down the solution on paper and move on to the next stage in the waterfall standardization Testing includes verification and validation 1. Verification: Are we building the product right. 2. Validation: Are we building the right product 1. Validation Am I building the right product? Determining if the method complies with the requirements. And perform functions for which it is intended and meets and is performed at the finish of the project. Am I accessing the right data (in terms of the Data? Required to satisfy the requirement) High level activity Performs after a work product is produced against Established criteria ensuring that the product integrates correctly into the environment. Determination of correctness of the final software Product by a development project with respect to the user Needs and requirements. 2. Verification Am I building the product right? The review of interim work steps and interim Deliverables during a project to ensure them are Acceptable. To determine if the system is consistent, Adheres to standards, uses reliable techniques and prudent Practices, and performs the selected functions in the correct manner. Am I accessing the data right (in the right place; in? The right way) Low level activity Performed during development on key artifacts, like Walkthroughs, reviews and inspections, mentor feedback, Training, checklists and standards. My Opinion about This Task with Victoria Hospital The Victoria Hopital has some problems. The 1st problem is the victoria Hospital at presnt does not use Computer and not asystem to save data and details Appointment details, patient detail and payment detail. 2nd problem is cant V.H take a details in time of important.That problam is some time May be loss detail in physical fils so the V.H is face these problems becaus we can analysis requirements to the V.H those are need to V.H a good system to save details datas secent is the method should preparednes easy good to hendal to the operaters. 3rd problem is the implementations should have to a good system. 4th is give a good knowledge to operates.these implementations are want to V.H those are A Server Machine 5clients, 1GB Ram, or 512MB ,Laser Printer Dot matrix printer Bar code reader and the knowledge given by system supporters to Operater. Want to Operaters condect with system supporters and the system supporters must mainten the problems of system in time ofcoming problems. TASK 03 Data flow diagram Data flow diagrams can be use to provide an understandable representation of any business function. The system starts with an overall image of the business and continues by analyzing each of the functional areas of interest. This analysis can be carried out to precisely the level of detail required. The technique exploits a system called top-down expansion to conduct the analysis in a targeted way. C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorDesktopdfdg.JPG Figure 1.2.2: data flow diagram Process Processes show a transformation or manipulation of data flows within the system. The symbol used is a rectangular box which contains 3 descriptive elements: Firstly an identification number appears in the upper left hand corner. This is allocated arbitrarily at the top level and serves as a unique reference. Secondly, a location appears to the right of the identifier and describes where in the system the process takes place. This may, for example, be a department or a piece of hardware. Finally, a descriptive title is placed in the centre of the box. This should be a simple imperative sentence with a specific verb, for example maintain customer records or find driver. Data flow A data flow shows the flow of information from its source to its destination. A data flow is represented by a line, with arrowheads showing the direction of flow. Information always flows to or from a process and may be written, verbal or electronic. Each data flow may be referenced by the processes or data stores at its head and tail, or by a description of its contents. External entity An external entity is a source or destination of a data flow which is outside the area of study. Only those entities which originate or receive data are represented on a business process diagram. The symbol used is an oval containing a meaningful and unique identifier. Data storage A data store is a holding place for information within the system: It is represented by an open ended narrow rectangle. Data stores may be long-term files such as sales ledgers, or may be short-term accumulations: for example batches of documents that are waiting to be processed. Each data store should be given a reference followed by an arbitrary number. DFD context level diagram (0 level diagram) E:my project level df (1).jpg Figure 2.2.1: DFD context level diagram DFD 1st level E:PROGECTdrawing diagram dfdDrawing2.jpg Figure 2.3.1: DFD 1st level E:my project level df (5).jpg Figure 2.3.2 E:PROGECTdrawing diagram dfdDrawing4.jpg Figure 2.3.3 E:PROGECTdrawing diagram dfdDrawing5.jpg C:Documents and SettingsALLAHDesktop level df (11).jpg Entity relationship diagram C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorDesktopdfd4.JPG Entity A person, place, object events about which we need to compare store data are called as entities E.g. students, book, department Relational ship A relationship captures how two or more entities are related to one another. Relationships can be thought of as verbs linking two or more nouns. Relationships are represented as diamonds, connected by lines to each of the entities in the relationship. Relationship instance-link between entities (corresponds to primary key-foreign key equivalencies in related tables) Relationship type-category of relationshipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦link between entity types Attributes Attributes are the properties of entities relationship in other attributes is used to describe entities relationship in the ER diagram an entity has many attributes there for it needs to identifier. A key is attributes, group of attributes which we can use to identify an entity uniquely. Entity types E:my projectpicture]dd.jpg ERD diagram for Victoria hospital system D:tt.JPG Appointment to Patient One patient must have one appointment this is called one to one relationship and this is mandatory One appointment must have one patient this is called one to one relationship and this is mandatory Appointment to GP One GP have many appointments this is called one to many relationship and this is optional One appointment must have one GP this is called one to one relationship and this is mandatory Appointment to nurse One nurse have many appointments this is called one to many relationship and this is optional One appointment have many nurse this is called one to many relationship and this is optional Appointment to treatment One treatment have many appointments this is called one to many relationship and this is optional One appointment have many treatment this is called one to many relationship and this is optional Treatment to clinic One treatment have many clinic this is called one to many relationship and this is optional One clinic have many treatment this is called one to many relationship and this is optional E:my project1235.jpg TASK 4 Requirement specification NO Requirements BSO 1 BSO2 BSO3 BSO4 BSO5 1 Register patient Æ’Â ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ 2 Invoice the patient Æ’Â ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ 3 Inquiring handling â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ »Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ 4 Accept patient ordering Æ’Â ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ 5 printing debater report Æ’Â ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ 6 Medical laboratories Æ’Â » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ 7 Arrange the delivery Æ’Â ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ » 8 Printing a patient report Æ’Â » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ Business system option (BSO) The set of Business System Options which is compiled so that a selection can be made. The selected Business System Option is a description of a chosen system development direction. The description documents the system boundary, inputs, outputs and the transformation taking place within the boundary. Essentially, the description is textual with supporting products such as Data Flow Diagrams, a Logical Data Structure and a Work Practice Model Technical system option (TSO) The set of Technical System Options which has been developed so that the system development direction can be chosen. Each option documents the functions to be incorporated and details implementation requirements. Each description is textual with some planning information. Functional elements are taken directly from the Requirements Specification Logical System Specification NO requirement TSO1 TSO2 TSO3 TSO4 TSO5 1 Visual basic 2007 Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â » 2 Windows 2003 Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ 3 Java J2SE Development Kit (JDK) 5.0 Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 4 CCT camera Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 5 A Server Machine Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 6 Firefox 9.02 latest version Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ 7 5 clients,1GB Ram,80GB Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ 8 SQL Server Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 9 Windows 2007 Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 10 Laser Printer Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ 11 Scanner Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 12 Credit Card reader Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ 13 JDBC 3.0 compliant driver Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 14 IIS Server Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 15 Dot matrix printer Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 16 Wi5 connection Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 17 Win 2003 server Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ 18 Barcode reader Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â » 19 Credit card Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ . TASK 5 Fact-finding technique Interviews Questionnaires Observations Sampling Record-searching Fact-finding technique Fact-finding is a main activity in system investigation. In this chapter, the functioning of the method is to be understood by the system analyst to design the proposed system. Different methods are used for this and these are known as fact-finding techniques. The analyst needs to fully understand the current system. The analyst wants data about the requirements and demands of the project undertaken and the technique employed to gather this records are identified as fact-finding techniques. Various kinds of techniques are used and the most popular with them are interviews, questionnaires, record reviews, case tools and also the personal observations made by the analyst himself. Each of these techniques is additional dealt in next pages. Two people can go into the same area to gather facts and experience entirely different results. One spends weeks and gets incomplete and misleading data. The other is finished in a few hours and has complete and solid facts. This session outlines some of the things a person can do to achieve the latter. It covers: Interviews Interviewing is the one of the most common method in fact finding. It bring the analysis Into a direct contact with the users where he gets an opportunity to listen in to the opinion (advantage disadvantages) about the existing system also to identify the issues propose solutions the new system Interview is a very effective fact finding techniques. But the main problem is that it requires a lot of resources, especially time. So it is very important to plan the interview before hand the analysis is required to have considerable amount of skills Interview needs a start from the top level management to get permission also get an overview idea about the total system. Then the interview process can be move to which will provide more more specific details Interviews are not required to find out how exactly a system should work, but it needs to deter mine the needs of the users that we have to satisfy with a new system. The success of the interview depends upon the skills of the interviewer the preparation for the interview. Choose the person who is mostly appropriate for the interview Preparation for the interview Setting a proper date, and time ,venue the topic Correct sequence of questions These factors should include in an interview plan before conducing it. There are 3 types of questions usually asked in an interview Open questions Closed questions Probes questions Open question general questions that relates with the personal view on the subject Example-  Ã‚   what do you think of .?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is your opinion of ?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How could . be improved. Advantages   Puts the interviewee at ease.   Permits extra questioning into area that was not anticipated during interview scheduling.   Provide detail. Disadvantages   interview may get off the track (i.e. the interviewer lose control of the interview) can be time-consuming, particularly if the interviewer is experience Closed question > question that is needed direct answer

Who is Monica Lewinsky? :: essays research papers

Is Monica simply a hapless White House intern caught in the middle of a media created scandal started by Linda Tripp. Monica Lewinsky is a 24 year old graduate of Lewis and Clark University in Oregon. Daughter of a Democratic contributor she was easily able to get an intern position in the White Horse. Some of Lewinsky's friends have said that she only took the intern position to sleep with important people. If the recent news reports are true Monica Lewinsky got what she was looking for. Linda Tripp has over 17 tapes of her discussions with Monica Lewinsky describing her sexual relations with President Bill Clinton. Linda Tripp was a high ranking administration assistant formerly of the White House, and now of the Pentagon. In an unusual twist Tripp also happens to be the last person to see Vince Foster alive! Kathleen Willey, another person alleged to have had sexual relations with Bill Clinton, is the one that gave Kenneth Starr Linda Tripps name as a possible witness in the Paula Jones sexual harassment civil suit. None of this would have been much of a problem had Monica Lewinsky had not told Tripp that Bill Clinton and Vernon Jordan instructed her to lie about the affair with Clinton. Supposedly Linda Tripp has Monica alleging this on tape. These tapes if finally released to the public should prove to be quite titillating, Monica Lewinsky claims that Clinton was very fond of oral sex and that she it to him on a number of occasions. It has been alleged by various news organizations that a secret service agent actually caught Lewinsky and Clinton in the act. It has also been alleged that Monica Lewinsky has a blue semen stained dress which, if true, would be direct DNA evidence of the affair. But it still would not prove obstruction of justice. If that was ever proven it could be an impeachable offence, a sexual scandal probably would not lead to the impeachment of Bill Clinton. If not then it will simply be a source of Bill Clinton jokes. In a new twist on all of this Attorney Terry Giles client Andy Bleiler claims to have evidence relavent to the case. He also claims that Monica Lewinsky and he were lovers when he taught her at the Lewis and Clark University in Oregon. It is possible that Monica Lewinsky gave him documents and presents that Clinton had given her.

Environment and Global Warming Essay

Global warming has been a major problem for the last one decade or so all over the world. The climate is changing and the temperatures on the earth surface are warming up as a result of increase in amount of green house gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere. Global warming is defined as an increase in the average earth’s temperatures which as result leads to a change in the overall global climate. The impacts of global warming are quite diverse and they include ecosystem instability, a rise in sea level, increase in pests and diseases, health problems, loss of environmental beauty due to extreme weather conditions such as floods, hurricanes and so fourth (Abarbanel et al. , 2002, 22-23, 57-63). Global warming has been found to be mainly caused by human activities resulting from over reliance on fossil fuels as a source of energy which increase the green house gases emissions into the atmosphere. Research has also shown another side of global warming whereby, air pollutants emitted by fossil fuels are responsible for making clouds to reflect more sun’s rays back to the space. This effect is known as global dimming and it leads to less light reaching the earth surface. This global dimming is responsible for causing droughts due to lack of rain especially in the Northern Hemisphere and it also camouflages the actual effects of global warming leading to their underestimation (Abbot et al. , 2000, 159-176). The effects of global warming on the environment are very dangerous and expensive and all the governments in the world agree that something must be done. In this respect, the united nations have come up with a framework convention on climate change which is responsible for coming up with agreements such as the Kyoto protocol among others. The Kyoto protocol is an international agreement passed by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate (UNFCCC) back in 1994 which was aimed at addressing global warming and climate change issues all over the world. This agreement sets targets for all the industrialised nations in the world which they are expected to abide by in order to reduce the amount of green house gases emitted by those industries located in the respective nations. This protocol is considered as the greatest agreement reached by members of the United Nations which is bound to protect the environment and ensure sustainable development. How a national policy can help to address a global problem. National policies have a great role to play in tackling major national and global challenges such as climate change, globalisation, sustainable energy needs and so forth. The solutions to such problems require innovations which are able to see beyond the problem awareness and come up with solutions aimed at lessening their environmental and economic impacts on a long term basis. Such issues more often than not require the implementation of a national policy which will address the problem both nationally and internationally. A policy is meant to ensure that the problem is addressed from a central point of view and that all the concerned parties are speaking in one voice. An example of a global problem which is currently causing major concerns in the whole world is global warming. Although its effects are largely felt in the industrialised countries, the overall effects of climate change are evident in all nations because the pollutions emitted in one part of the globe quickly disperse to all other parts of the globe (Hay 2002). With growing concern on this problem of global warming and carbon pollution, a national policy for sustainable development is essential to address this problem and come up with rules and regulations aimed at controlling the emission of carbon pollutants and other green house gases into the atmosphere. To effectively address the effects of global warming and climate changes, all the world governments must come up with national environmental policies, efficient technological strategies and invent new sources of energy which are cleaner and more sustainable. Unlike common environmental policies such as the ones set by the United Nations and other world organisations, national policies created by individual countries focused towards addressing a certain global problem are bound to be more effective because such measures are bound to achieve abatements which are in line with the national interests at the lowest national costs possible. For instance, to address the issue of global warming, Australia has come up with a three-pillar national policy aimed at reducing the amount of pollutants released to the atmosphere by its industries and as a result, the government has had to make some economic reforms which are favourable to its economic stability in order to accommodate this policy (Miller & Tyler, 1987, 19-23). Australia’s national policy in addressing global warming Australia has been vulnerable to climate changes and severe repercussions of problems associated with poorly designed policies aimed at addressing this issue. An intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a report in 2007 indicating that the Australia’s average climate is expected to change by about five degrees by the year 2070 due to the high rate of emission of GHGs in the country unless the government finds a quick and lasting solution to this global threat (Steger et al. , 2004, 33-46). Such a temperature change is bound to affect the ecosystems, energy resources, population health, agriculture, tourism as well as other sectors of the nation’s economy. Some of this effects to human beings and ecosystems are already being felt due to an increase of about 0. 9 degrees in the annual average temperatures. This effects prompted the government to facilitate the Garnaut climate change review in June and ratification of the Kyoto protocol on 3rd Dec 2007 as a way of demonstrating the government’s commitment to addressing the global warming and climate change all over the world. By agreeing to the Kyoto protocol, the Australian government has expressed willingness to pay the price for carbon reduction as a way of dealing with global warming. The Garnaut review focused on examining the climate change and its effect on the nation’s economy and has come up with policies and policy frameworks aimed at improving sustainable development. The draft report produced after this review presented a detailed examination of the climate change and its implications on Australia as a single nation. Following the Garnaut draft report indicating that the impacts of global warming and climate change in Australia are expected to be greater than those experienced in the other developed countries, the government has decided to come up with a climate change policy to ensure a safer society, a more stable economy and less climate changes in the future. This policy is focused on addressing three major issues. That is; †¢ Reducing the amount of green house gases emitted by industries in the country. †¢ Adapting to those impacts of climate changes which can not be reversed or changed. †¢ Contributing to the achievement of a global solution to the problem of global warming. (Milutin, 2003, 42-56) The Australian government using this policy has introduced an emission trading scheme and a framework for carbon reduction which will help to reduce the GHGs emission by up to 60 percent by the year 2050. A reduction in the national GHGs emission will put Australia in a better position to influence the international communities in working towards a low carbon environment (Julian, 2003, 495-503). In addition, the Australian government is committed to promoting an industrial policy aimed at facilitating investment in cleaner, greener and more sustainable energy resources and increasing the economic opportunities in the country. This industry policy has helped to develop comprehensive strategies which include local content rules and purchasing policies to provide long term solutions to climate change (Derek, 2002, 115-120). According to the environmental policies set by the Australian government, the environmental standards for its industries are set very high in order to restrict them from releasing pollutants to the atmosphere (Migeotte, 2002, 519-520). The Australia’s domestic policies are bound to affect the international credibility and the ability to acquire a global solution to global warming. The long term national target which is meant to reduce the emissions by about 60 percent before the year 2050 places the total global effort and carbon pollution schemes in a better position to achieving a solution to the worldwide problem and thus, this national policy is a step in the right direction. Conclusion Global warming presents a great environmental, social and economic challenge which requires urgent attention from governments all over the globe. The Australian government has done a lot to show that it is committed to eliminating this global problem through establishment of an environmental policy and ratification of the Kyoto protocols established by the United nations framework convention on climate change. This has greatly assisted the country to reduce the amount of GHGs emission and carbon pollutants into the atmosphere leading to a cleaner environment and it has helped to address the global problem at large. This shows that the use of well implemented comprehensive national policies can help to adequately address global problems such as global warming. References Abarbanel, Albert, and Thomas McCluskey (2002). â€Å"Is the World Getting Warmer? † Saturday Evening Post, 1 July, pp. 22-23, 57-63. Abbot, Charles G. , and F. E. Fowle, Jr. (2000). â€Å"Income and Outgo of Heat from the Earth, and the Dependence of Its Temperature Thereon. † Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory (Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC) 2: 159-176. Miller, G. Tyler Jr. , 1987. Living in the Environment. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 19-23. Steger, Will and Bowermaster, Jon, 2004. Saving the Earth. New York: Bryon Preiss, 33-46. Adem, Julian (2003). â€Å"Experiments Aiming at Monthly and Seasonal Numerical Weather Prediction. † Monthly Weather Review 93: 495-503. Ager, Derek (2002). The New Catastrophism: The Importance of the Rare Event in Geological History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 115-120. Migeotte, M. V. (2002). â€Å"Spectroscopic Evidence of Methane in the Earth’s Atmosphere. † Physical Review 73: 519-20. Milankovitch, Milutin (2003). Canon of Insolation and the Ice Age Problem. Belgrade: Koniglich Serbische Akademie, 42-56.

Organizational training design

Organizational training design Introduction Organization training design is an activity that involves six key steps, namely, organization analysis, laying out training program objectives, creating a detailed lesson plan, creating a before, during and after matrix, evaluation rating and doing cost benefit calculations.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Organizational training design specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The outcome of the design process is a training program whose integration into an organization facilitates the realization of the organizations mission as it is outlined in its mission statement. According to WebFinance, a formal definition of an organization is a social unit made up of people who systematically work together with unity of purpose to achieve collective goals that reflect the mission of the organization (2010, 3). For the synthesis project, the process of organization training design is applied to Netsoft, a private sector company. Netsoft is a global telecommunications company that has it’s headquarter in the United States. It has one of its branches in Kenya, Netsoft Kenya, where a submarine fiber optic communications cable is to be installed that will link Africa with the rest of the world. The fiber optic cable is to bring a world of opportunities not only to the country but to the continent as well. Netsoft wants to seize this opportunity and increase its dominance in Africas internet market as a strategic move towards increasing its earnings. However, its five-telecommunication engineers in Kenya are not conversant with fiber optic technology that is already in use in the rest of the world (Kenya is a third-world country). The engineers are, however, individuals with high academic qualifications and with vast experience in telecommunication and its related fields. Thus, considering these facts the top management of the company has commissioned a one-day training program to teach the Keny an engineers on fiber optic technology. Discussion Organization analysis According to Miller and Osinski, organization analysis is one among the three levels of the needs assessment phase of designing an organizations training and development program (2002, 2).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The other two levels as given by the authors are task analysis and individual analysis whereas the other phases of designing an organizations training and development program are instructional objectives (2nd phase), design (3rd phase), implementation (4th phase) and evaluation (5th phase) (Miller and Osinski, 2002, 1-2). The purpose of the needs assessment phase is to aid a training manager set the objectives of the organizations training program. Therefore, by the end of the needs assessment phase the training manager has to have established if the training program is neces sary and if it is, what is it on and who are the participants. It is the idea that a properly conducted needs assessment phase reveals no conflicts between the interests of stakeholders and the objectives of the organizations training program. The objective as to why organizational analysis is undertaken is to improve the efficiency, performance and output of an organization (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 2011, 1). To achieve this objective the analysis procedure assesses the organizations systems, capacity and performance in an aim to create an understanding of the behavioral relationships, structures and technology in place and in use in an organization (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 2011, 1). In organizational training design, the theory and models underlying organizational analysis are customized so that the outcome of the procedure is concepts that form a strong basis on which to successfully implement an organizational training program. At the end of an organizational analysis pro cedure that is part of an organization training design, it is fundamental that 10 things be known.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Organizational training design specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first is how the content of the training program affects the relationship between the organizations employees and its clients. The second is the degree to which the organizations suppliers, partners and clients need to be informed about the contents of the training program. The third thing is how well the training programs augment with the strategic needs of the organization. The fourth thing is whether to devote the organizations resources to the training program. The fifth thing is what input is necessary from the organizations mangers and peers in order for the training program to succeed. The sixth thing that needs to be known is the features of the organizations internal environment that can hamper the success of t he training program. The seventh thing that needs to be known is whether experts can be found who can aid in the formulation of the training program and who enlighten on the correlation between it and the business needs of the organization. The eighth thing that has to be known at the end of the organization analysis procedure that is part of an organization training design is the perception that employees have towards the training program. The perception should be described either as a waste of time, an opportunity, a reward, a punishment or even a combination of these. The ninth thing that has to be known is the section of people in the organization who are interested in the success of the training program. The tenth thing that needs to be known is whose support is critical to the success of the training program. In addition to these 10 things, Miller and Osinski point out that an organization analysis procedure should also identify global markets that are growing and economy stat e and its impacts on organizations operating costs and (2002, 3). How training program aligns with Netsoft’s strategic needs There is a need for the company to seize the opportunity presented by the submarine fiber optic cable as this is essential in aiding the company realize its mission which is to become a global leader in telecommunications.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The training program equips Netsofts Kenyan engineers with the knowledge and skills for designing, implementing and administering fiber optic networks. This paves the way for the company to assert its dominance on Africas internet market. Thus in this way the training program aligns with Netsoft’s strategic needs. Features of work environment that might interfere with the training A feature of the work environment that may interfere with Netsoft’s training program is lack of up-to-date training facilities. Considering that the training is to take place in third-world country getting state-of-the-art facilities to conduct the training can be a challenge. Another feature of the work environment that may interfere with the training is poor organizational culture at the branch. It is possible that the organizational culture in place at the companys Kenyan branch does not encourage or motivate its employees to learn new things and thus this might be a considerable hindrance . How employees will perceive training program The engineers and the other employees in Netsofts Kenyan branch should perceive the training program as an opportunity. If the training program is a success it is the green light for the company to make strategic moves that will enable it assert its dominance in the African Internet market. This means more earnings for the company, which in turns means likely salary increases for the engineers and other employees in Netsoft Kenya. Persons or groups interested in the success of the project The top management of Netsoft is interested in the success of the training program. This is because from it they can take hold of the opportunities presented by the submarine cable and make huge profits for the company at minimal costs. Training objectives The second key activity in organizational training design is setting the objectives of the training program, which can be thought of as sub-goals (SIL International, 1999, 1). The objectives of the t raining program are a byproduct of the needs assessment phase. To create a learning atmosphere it is very helpful that the participants of an organization’s training program understand the programs objectives. The objectives of an organization’s training program capture for each individual training activity in the program its purpose and expected outcome. Depending on a number of factors that include the structure of the organizations training program objectives can be set for the various training sessions and the overall program. It is imperative that trainees not only understand but as well accept and commit to realizing the training objectives set for a given organizations training program especially when the objectives double up too as the organizations goals. A training needs analysis is undertaken so that an organization’s employees can appreciate the need for a training program as well as why they need to learn. Thus, this is why it is a sound recommendat ion that the training objectives be a derivative of a training needs analysis. In addition to streamlining the learning process, training objectives facilitate the identification of certain outcome types that when measured evaluate the effectiveness of an organizations training program. The first of the three components of a training objective is a statement, which clearly describes to an employee what he or she is expected to do. The second of the three components of a training objective is a statement, which describes to the trainees the acceptable performance quality or level. The third of the three components of a training objective is a statement that describes to an employee for a given outcome the conditions under which he or she has to perform in to achieve it. It is important that a training objective always describe performances that are observable and measurable. Donald Kirkpatricks Four Level Evaluation Model is a useful procedure for judging an organizations training pr ogram (Big Dog Little Dog’s performance Juxtaposition, 2010, 1). The constituents of the model are four levels, namely, reaction, learning, behavior and results. In the reaction, level of the evaluation procedure a measurement is done of how the participants of an organizations training program react to the process of learning, that is, their perception towards the program. The measurement is done with the aid of attitude questionnaires that are filled by the participants. In the reaction level of the evaluation procedure measurement of three aspects is done. The first is the extent to which participants change their attitude resulting from the organizations training program. The second is the extent to which participants have improved their knowledge resulting from the organizations training program. The third is the extent to which participants have increased their knowledge because of the organizations training program. In the performance level of the evaluation procedure testing is done to determine the participant’s capabilities to utilize the skills they have acquired on the job place. In some cases, performance evaluation is done through observation only. In the results, level of the evaluation procedure the effectiveness of the organizations training program is measured. Objectives of Netsoft’s training program Using Kirkpatrick’s four level evaluation framework two reaction level objectives for Netsoft’s training program are: Create an understanding of what fiber optic technology is Enable participants appreciate its importance in realizing companys strategic needs and mission The three behaviors are: Understanding Appreciation Pro-activeness The three criteria are: Verbal quiz Paper quiz Observation The three conditions are: Teaching facilities are sufficient Participants agree that they have understood course material Quiz is the same for everyone Using Kirkpatrick’s four level evaluation framework two learning objectives for Nestsoft’s training program are: Participants are able to explain the underlying concepts of fiber optic technology Participants can outline the strengths and weaknesses of the technology The three behaviors are: Competency Understanding Mastering The three criterions are: Verbal quiz Paper quiz Observation The three conditions are: Teaching facilities are sufficient Participants agree that they have understood course material Quizzes are the same for everyone Using Kirkpatrick’s four level evaluation framework two performance objectives for Netsoft’s training program are: Participants are able to successfully design, implement and administer fiber optic networks Participants are able to troubleshoot faulty fiber optic networks The three behaviors are: Competency Understanding Mastering The three criterions are: Practical test Verbal quiz Observation The three conditions are Teaching facilities are sufficient Participan ts agree that they have understood course material Quiz and test is the same for everyone Using Kirkpatrick’s four level evaluation framework two results objectives for Netsoft’s training program are: Training program yields an acceptable ROI Training program yields an acceptable CBR Detailed Lesson Plan A detailed lesson plan contains a variety of components. These include course title, lesson title, lesson length, learning objectives, target audience, room arrangement, materials and equipment needed, evaluation and assignments as well as comments from the trainer (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 2011, 1). The course title is the subject heading of the field the trainer intends to teach. The course is derived from wide field of knowledge or specialization. The degree of extend of the content of a subject vary from one course to another. The inclusion of course title is important to the lesson plan because it communicates to the trainee the overall scope of knowledge to be covered by the different lesson sessions in that course. Lesson title states the scope of content to be covered in a single lesson session. The contents of a lesson title are a subset of course title. Lesson sessions act as building blocks of a course. Depending on the scope and complexity of title it can be divided into several lessons which are convenient to both the trainer and trainee. One of the main importances of having a lesson title is to delineate the content to be covered during the lesson. This avoids the chances of veering of from the intended content. Lesson length in a lesson plan details the duration which a single lesson will last. The lesson length will be determined by a number of factors: availability of time, complexity and scope of the subject and cost of executing the lesson. When deciding on the lesson length, there is need to determine when trainers are to avail themselves while the program is on course, the time constraints on the trainees, program brea ks for snacks, lunch and dinner as well as opportunities for practice and feedback. Some lessons may last full day while others are part time. Learning objectives are the thematic areas within a lesson the trainer intends to communicate and be grasped by the trainees. It is important to factor in the lesson plan the genre of the target audience. The target audience determines the level of communication and interaction between the trainer and trainees. The prerequisites encompass trainee and instructor. Trainee prerequisites refers to possible preparation requirements, necessary skills or the scope of knowledge needed to be trained on prior training sessions or successful completion of tests or certificate or degree programs. Instructor prerequisites points towards what is needed to be done to prepare for the session as well as other educational qualification necessary for the trainer. Before the lesson execution the room arrangement of the trainees is another important component to consider. For instance, the room could be arranged in fan-shape so that the trainees can clearly see the trainer as well as their peers. Fan-shape is also suitable for role play exercises that entail working and organization into groups of two or three. In the lesson plan the trainer ought to include the materials and equipments required. These materials and equipments act as aids to training and enhance the ability of the trainer to relay information effectively. The assortment of materials and equipments in any given set up vary, but, they may include a video cassette recorder (VCR), pens, overhead projector, transparencies, and VCR tapes with titles of the lesson. In the case of evaluation and assignments, role plays could be instituted. Comments imply on the overall appraisal of lesson outcomes and remarks on the way forward. Detailed lesson plan for Netsoft’s training program The detailed one-day lesson plan for Netsoft’s training program is shown in appendix A. B efore, during and after matrix The before, during and after training matrix is a table-like structure that serves two purposes. The first purpose is that it facilitates the diagnosis of problems that are associated with transfer of training. The second purpose is that it serves as an assurance that the transfer of training activity was done to completion. The constituent elements of the matrix are the training manager’s, trainer’s and the trainee’s responsibilities before, during and after learning has been transferred. Each of these elements is entered into its appropriate cell in the before, during and after training matrix. Figure 1 in appendix B shows an empty before, during and after training matrix. Before, during and after matrix for Netsoft’s training program The before, during and after matrix for Netsoft’s training program is shown in appendix C Evaluation rating By doing evaluation rating, a rating form is useful in measuring the behavio r of individual participants in an organizations training program. The rating form is usually accompanied with a corresponding rating scale. The rating form usually has a number of items for which the participants of the organizations training program get graded for. The measuring process of the evaluation rating activity usually has its designated period in which to measure the behaviors of the participants. In an example of an evaluation rating procedure it may be required that the sensitivity (which is the behavior) of a manager be measured using data collected for 3 months. Sensitivity in this case may be defined as the manager’s perception of the personal problems, needs and concerns of others. The rating scale may be 1 to represent always, 2 to represent usually, 3 to represent sometimes, 4 to represent seldom and 5 to represent never. To measure the behavior (sensitivity) a question can be put forward as to how many times in the three months the manager has elicited th e perceptions, feelings and concerns of other individuals? Using the rating scale the answer to this question can be 1 to imply that the manager over the past 3 months always elicited the perceptions, feelings and concerns of other individuals. Evaluation rating for Netsfoft’s training program The evaluation rating done here for Netsoft’s training program follows a 60 days assessment of level 3 (performance) objectives. In this rating, the behaviors to be measured are competency, understanding and mastering. Competency is how well vast a participant is with fiber optic technology. Understanding is how well a participant synthesizes the various concepts of fiber optic technology. Mastering is how well a participant retains the knowledge he or she as acquired on fiber optic technology. These three behaviors are measured on a scale of 1 to 3 such that 1 represents poorly, 2 represents fairly and 3 represents well. Depending on how a question is answered, a participant can only score one of these ratings. After answering all the questions, the average is taken and the participant’s level of competency, understanding and mastering determined. For competency the questions to be asked are: What is fiber optic? What is fiber optic technology? Which are the concepts that underlie the technology? For understanding the questions to be asked are: Explain the fundamental concepts underlying fiber optic technology Explain are the advantages of the technology? Explain are the disadvantages of the technology? Explain the standards that govern fiber optic technology For mastering, the questions to be asked are: Name the advantages of the fiber optic technology Name the disadvantages of the technology Name the networking standards that govern the technology Cost benefit calculation In the doing cost benefit calculations stage of the organizational training design two important values are determined which are the Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) and the return On Investment (ROI). These two values are calculated from the costs that an organization as incurred to successfully complete the training program and the benefits it has yielded. The BCR is a ratio that gives the magnitude of correlation between the costs an organization as incurred to the successfully complete the training program and the benefits it has yielded (Investopedia, ULC, 2011, 1). It is given as the quotient of the total benefits and total costs of an organizations training program. The ROI, sometimes given as a percentage, is a performance measure that evaluates the efficiency of an organizations investment, which in this case is the training program (Investopedia, ULC, 2011, 1). The ROI is given as the quotient of the net total benefits realized from an investment and the total costs of the investment. If the ROI is to be given as a percentage, 100 multiply the quotient. Cost Benefit calculations for Netsoft’s training program From the data given in part F of the synthesis project, the BCR for Netsoft’s training program is, BCR = Total benefits/Total costs = 329,201 / 164,863 = 1.9968. From the data given in part F of the synthesis project, the ROI for Netsoft’s training program is, ROI = ( Net total benefits/ total costs) 100 = ((329,201 164,863) / 164,863) 100 = 99.6816%. Conclusion The report’s main conclusion is that organization training is important in helping a company achieve its mission and goals and thus each stage of the organization training design process should be carried out properly. The goals to be attained as a result of an organization’s training program should be in line with the strategic needs of the organization in which the program is implemented. References Big Dog Little Dog’s performance Juxtaposition. (2010). Kirkpatrick’s four-level training evaluation model. Retrieved from nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/isd/kirkpatrick.html Investopedia, ULC. Benefit cost ratio. Retrieve d from investopedia.com/terms/b/bcr.asp#axzz1dWAsa79S Investopedia, ULC. Return on investment-roi. Retrieved from investopedia.com/terms/b/bcr.asp#axzz1dWAsa79S Miller, J. A. and Osinski, D. M. Training needs assessment. Retrieved from ispi.org/pdf/suggestedReading/Miller_Osinski.pdf SIL International. (1999) What is an objective. Retrieved from sil.org/lingualinks/literacy/ReferenceMaterials/glossaryofliteracyterms/WhatIsAnObjective.htm WebFinance. (2010). Organization. Retrieved from businessdictionary.com/definition/organization.html Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.(2011) Organizational analysis. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_analysis Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.(2011) Lesson plan. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_analysis

Quotes That Reveal the Most Hate Around Us

Quotes That Reveal the Most Hate Around Us Hatred is a powerful emotion. Unless kept in check, hate can cause an avalanche of destruction. It wreaks havoc on relationships, breaks up families and even takes innocent lives. It preys on civil societies. With hate, dark thoughts of revenge and destruction can cloud the mind. These quotes illuminate this most devastating and destructive emotion that has been with man throughout time and illuminated in religious texts as well as pop culture. Famous Quotes on Hate Jonathan SwiftWe have just enough religion to make us hate, but not enough to make us love one another. Kurt TucholskyThose who hate most fervently must have once loved deeply; those who want to deny the world must have once embraced what they now set on fire. Maya Angelouâ€Å"Hate, it has caused a lot of problems in the world, but has not solved one yet.†Ã‚   Coretta Scott KingHate is too great a burden to bear. It injures the hater more than it injures the hated. Oprah WinfreyYou cannot hate other people without hating yourself. George Bernard ShawHatred is the cowards revenge for being intimidated. William Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatraâ€Å"In time we hate that which we often fear.†Ã‚   Rene DescartesIt is easy to hate and it is difficult to love. This is how the whole scheme of things works. All good things are difficult to achieve, and bad things are very easy to get. The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.Hatred paralyzes life; love releases it. Hatred confuses life; love harmonizes it. Hatred darkens life; love illuminates it. â€Å"Let no man pull you so low as to hate him.†Ã‚   Napoleon BonaparteA true man hates no one. Lord ByronHatred is the madness of the heart. AristotleTo enjoy the things we ought, and to hate the things we ought, has the greatest bearing on excellence of character. Stephen KingMonsters are real, and ghosts are real too. They live inside us, and sometimes, they win. Victoria WolffHate is not a good counselor. Charles Caleb ColtonWe hate some persons because we do not know them, and we will not know them because we hate them. Sir Walter RaleighHatreds are the cinders of affection. Zsa Zsa GaborI never hated a man enough to give him his diamonds back. Arnold SchopenhauerHatred comes from the heart; contempt from the head; and neither feeling is quite within our control. Henry Ward BeecherThere is no faculty of the human soul so persistent and universal as that of hatred. Kathleen NorrisHate is all a lie; there is no truth in hate. George EliotHatred is like fire - it makes even light rubbish deadly. Henry Emerson FosdickHating people is like burning down your own house to get rid of a rat. Ivy CullerHate less; live longer. John Steinbeckâ€Å"Try to understand men. If you understand each other you will be kind to each other. Knowing a man well never leads to hate and almost always leads to love.†

Palestine State Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Palestine State Today - Essay Example Since 1947, to resolve the Arab-Israeli conflict, the text of General Assembly Resolution No. (181) of the United Nations provides the establishing of Palestine State. Unfortunately, Palestine State had not been established yet. Palestinians have suffered decades of displacement, exclusion and systematized deprivation of their national and human inalienable rights, which embodies their right to self-determination and establish their independent state. Since the start of the peace process in 1993, it has been reiterated that the international community emphasizes that the only solution to the conflict in the Middle East lies in the two-state solution, a solution that necessarily requires the establishment of an independent Palestinian state, sovereign and viable. In 2009, the international community supported the Palestinians to build their future state institutions, which will be completed in September 2011. The international community has recognized that the Palestinians are ready t o establish their independent state. They also recognized in the international institutions that the only obstacle to a Palestinian state is the continuation of Israeli occupation. * Recognizing the Palestine State stresses the important decisions made by the United Nations and international agreements Recognition of the international community, represented by the United Nations, is against the Palestinian people to self-determination as the position of an established state repeatedly in several resolutions, including resolution of the General Assembly of the United Nations 3236, which recognizes the Palestinian right to independence of their state. This is a right that is inalienable, and the Palestinian people have the right to establish their own "sovereign and independent state." It also confirmed the decision of the General Assembly of the United Nations (2649) on the right of Palestinian people to self-determination, affirming the decision (2672) that respected the rights of t he Palestinian people to their inalienable forms as an integral part of reaching a just and lasting peace in the Middle East. Moreover, the Court of International Justice in its Opinion Advisory issued in 2004 on the construction of the Apartheid Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory stated that the actions carried out by Israel in the occupied Palestinian territories undermine the right of Palestinians to a homeland, which severely impedes the exercise of the Palestinian people of their right to self-determination, and therefore a breach by Israel of its obligation to respect that right. The recognition of the Palestine State is in line with the core principles underlying the Oslo interim agreement, including starters two-state solution and the resolutions of relevant United Nations resolutions, primarily resolutions 242 and 338. Unfortunately, it has been over twenty years since the signing of the Interim Agreement and the first of Israel's occupation of Palestinian land, and the exploitation of Palestinian natural resources are more deeply rooted. For example, the number of settlers living in the West Bank, including occupied Jerusalem, has doubled since 1993. During the same time period, they continued to suffer due to the policy of demolishing Palestinian homes, which reached its peak in the last few years. In the same context, the Palestinian economy continued to suffer from the additional burdens and the potential regime of closures and checkpoints in the West Bank and the unjust inhumane blockade in

Why slavery developed through law and race-based issues Essay

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