The ways to reduce crime in the worlds most violent cities Essay Example for Free

The approaches to lessen wrongdoing on the planets most rough urban communities Essay Wrongdoing has for some time been viewed as a significant issue of numerous nations, both created and creating, in the contemporary society. Specifically, the crime percentage increments yearly in degree in certain divisions around the world. In this discourse, I might want to show my anxiety about the reasons for the issue and the answers for it. There are abstract just as target factors that lead to the heightening of this unfriendly condition. The first and furthermore the chief reason for this issue is destitution, or we can say, monetary hardship. Individuals are frequently headed to extraordinary lengths of urgency by destitution and this is a significant reason for wrongdoing all around the globe. The way that such disappointment is made is in itself an extremely perilous thing for society all in all as worldwide swelling has risen essentially in the course of the most recent couple of years. It appears that in our present reality, the rich get more extravagant and the poor get less fortunate. In other words, these penniless individuals need more cash to purchase food and different necessities. Consequently, their final retreat to keep up their lives is to loot or take, which prompts wrongdoing. More forthright, viciousness from prevailing press can likewise contribute generously to the expansion of wrongdoing. There are numerous movies and plays containing fierce or touchy substance, which impact the watchers. A few people need to imitate the saints, as they see them, in the films without realizing that the conduct in actuality can be viewed as unlawful according to the law. Adolescents are particularly inclined to this sort of factor without the management of more established grown-ups. There are likewise numerous social issues achieving this horrible situation. Overpopulation, bigotry, regionalism, family conditions, and regularly political force are a few factors that establish the framework of genuine violations. In addition, there are other emotional components. At the end of the day, the purpose behind his wrongdoing submitting is in part not from the weight of the general public or social ailments as referenced above, and extremely hard to control. Famously, mental scatters are a significant reason for wrongdoing of this sort. Other than discouragement, individuals with grave mental issue additionally wind up perpetrating violations. Such individuals ought to be treated before their propensities and afflictions turn crazy. An individual with melancholy or some different genuine mental issue can likewise effectively purpose damage to themselves. Besides, we have drugs, which are a bane [a reason for trouble], regardless of what we look like at them. An individual dependent on drugs can't bolster their fixation and as a general rule they end up in an existence of wrongdoing to fuel their propensities. It isn't obscure anyplace on the planet that a medication someone who is addicted winds up carrying out wrongdoings to fund-raise for their propensities. Other than that, there are likewise an enormous number of individuals that are associated with the medication exchange. Despite the fact that these individuals may not so much be medicate clients themselves, they frequently draw others into medications and violations. Things being what they are, what would it be advisable for us to, individuals in the general public, never really tackle such an issue? Government, I’d like to state, need to concoct some arrangement that helps slender the hole between the rich and poor people. TV and film rating framework should be careful ly executed. Guardians ought to completely administer their youngsters, so as not for them to be stuck into sedate relating issues, and make their kids lead the most satisfied life as could reasonably be expected.

Al Capone Essays - Five Points Gang, Bootleggers, The Untouchables

Al Capone Essays - Five Points Gang, Bootleggers, The Untouchables Al Capone Al Capone is America's most popular hoodlum and the single most noteworthy image of the breakdown of peace in the United States during the 1920s Prohibition period. Capone had a main job in the criminal operations that loaned Chicago its notoriety for being a rebellious city. Capone was conceived on January 17, 1899, in Brooklyn, New York. Purified through water Alphonsus Capone, he experienced childhood in an unpleasant neighborhood and was an individual from two child groups, the Brooklyn Rippers and the Forty Thieves Juniors. In spite of the fact that he was brilliant, Capone quit school in the 6th grade at age fourteen. Between tricks he was an agent in a sweets store, a pinboy in a bowling alley, and a shaper in a book bindery. He turned out to be a piece of the infamous Five Points pack in Manhattan and worked in hoodlum Frankie Yale's Brooklyn plunge, the Harvard Inn, as a bouncer and barkeep. While working at the Inn, Capone got his notorious facial scars and the subsequent moniker Scarface when he offended a benefactor and was assaulted by her sibling. In 1918, Capone met an Irish young lady named Mary Mae Coughlin at a party. On December 4, 1918, Mae brought forth their child, Albert Sonny Francis. Capone and Mae wedded that year on December 30. Capone's first capture was on a jumbled direct charge while he was working for Yale. He likewise killed two men while in New York, early declaration to his ability to execute. As per gangland decorum, nobody confessed to hearing or seeing a thing so Capone was never gone after for the killings. After Capone hospitalized an adversary pack part, Yale sent him to Chicago to hold up until things chilled. Capone showed up in Chicago in 1919 and moved his family into a house at 7244 South Prairie Avenue. Capone went to work for Yale's old guide, John Torrio. Torrio saw Capone's latent capacity, his blend of physical quality and insight, and empowered his prot g . Before long Capone was helping Torrio deal with his bootlegging business. By mid-1922 Capone positioned as Torrio's number two man and inevitably turned into a full accomplice in the cantinas, betting houses,and massage parlors. When Torrio was shot by rival group individuals and thusly chose to leave Chicago, Capone acquired the outfit and got chief. The outfit's men loved, trusted, and obeyed Capone, considering him The Big Fellow. He immediately demonstrated that he was far and away superior at association than coordinating and extending the city's bad habit industry somewhere in the range of 1925 and 1930. Capone controlled speakeasies, bookie joints, betting houses, massage parlors, salary of $100,000,000 every year. He even procured a sizable enthusiasm for the biggest cleaning and coloring plant chain in Chicago. In spite of the fact that he had been working with Capone, the degenerate Chicago civic chairman William Big Bill Hale Thompson, Jr. concluded that Capone was awful for his political picture. Thompson recruited another police boss to force Capone to leave Chicago. At the point when Capone searched for another spot to live, he immediately found that he was disagreeable in a significant part of the nation. He at last purchased a home at 93 Palm Island, Florida in 1928. Endeavors on Capone's life were rarely fruitful. He had a broad government agent organize in Chicago, from paper young men to police officers, with the goal that any plots were immediately found. Capone, then again, was adept at segregating and executing his foes when they turned out to be excessively incredible. A common Capone murder comprised of men leasing a condo over the road from the casualty's living arrangement and gunning him down when he ventured outside. The tasks were brisk and complete and Capone consistently had a plausible excuse. Capone's most infamous murdering was the St. Valentine's Day Massacre. On February 14, 1929, four Capone men entered a carport at 2122 N. Clark Street. The structure was the primary alcohol home office of peddler George Bugs Moran's North Side group. Since two of Capone's men were dressed as police, the seven men in the carport thought it was a police attack. Therefore, they dropped their firearms and put their hands against the divider. Utilizing two shotguns and two automatic weapons, the Capone men discharged in excess of 150 slugs into the people in question. Six of the seven executed were individuals from Moran's posse; the seventh was

ERP Story-Part A Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

ERP Story-Part A - Case Study Example The business ought to think about the expense of executing the new programming establishment and benefit of the endeavor. Consolidating the business has dangers went with to it. Hence, appropriate assessment of profits and effective running of exercises is so significant. The exploration discovered that the issue related with such advance is the expansion in the size of the association, which implies trouble in following records and meeting operational expenses. Business associations fluctuate in the activities they participate so as to fulfill human needs. The two fundamental classes are administration based, or item having and creation. The completed item or administration in these exercises gives a stage to either fulfillment or disappointment from clients. In the event that clients are disturbed, the association participates in an assessment procedure to figure out where the issue grows from. This can be through surveying current gear underway or execution assessment all in all. The restorative measure is then embraced to hold the faithful clients. On the off chance that the clients are fulfilled, the administration starts approaches to keep up the norms. All things considered, this paper will talk about ABC Company and how it tries to get a market situation through converging of exercises and improving innovation. The size of a developing business association impels the sort of mechanical hardware an association ought to adjust so as to build proficiency. Complex organization structures will require enormous information storerooms to empower the business store appropriately its data. For the situation study, the current innovative situation of ABC can't guarantee great progression of data and correspondence. The new thought of making consolidated kind of business can be an answer for issues. Issues, for example, reserves required for the venture can be overseen through pooling of assets from these various substances.

Theoretical Perspectives and Research - 1441 Words

Introduction Modern, post-modern, critical theory and symbolic-interpretive are four different perspectives that provides different ways to analyse and understand organisations, however this essay shall focus on two perspectives, namely the modern and critical theory. These two perspectives have different views on concepts that might appear similar, thus this essay shall examine the different stands they each take. Concepts that can be examined include, power, control and conflict, organisational structures, organisations culture and organisation and its environment. This essay shall closely examine how the two perspectives have different views on the subject on power, control and conflict pertaining to the different ways to analyse and†¦show more content†¦267). An example would be the Japanese work-culture, they are powered by pressures from an intensively competitive economy and their organisational culture such as workplace efficiency and diligence thus resulting in a huge number of workers perpetually working overtime, causing an imbalance in their work life. In this case, workers are incapable to escape the hegemonies that are powerful, namely the management staff in the organisation. Modernists promote the rationale of managerial control because they view the members’ different interests as a problem that interferes with organisational goals and strategies. (Bolman Deal, 2008) states that control is the process of taking the necessary corrective or preventive actions to ensure that organisation objectives and missions are met as efficiently and effectively as possible. Therefore, modernist theorists sought mechanisms such as cybernetic and bureaucratic control for their employees in order for organisation interests to be met and self-interest to be minimized (Hatch Cunliffe, 2006). When organisations apply cybernetic theory, it explains how their executives align individual goals and organisational control using performance evaluation, resource allocation and through reward and feedbacks mechanisms (Hatch Cunliffe, 2006). They further stated that positive deviations were rewarded while the negative were usedShow MoreRelatedTheoretical Perspectives and Research1448 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Modern, post-modern, critical theory and symbolic-interpretive are four different perspectives that provides different ways to analyse and understand organisations, however this essay shall focus on two perspectives, namely the modern and critical theory. These two perspectives have different views on concepts that might appear similar, thus this essay shall examine the different stands they each take. Concepts that can be examined include, power, control and conflict, organisationalRead MoreEvidence Based Diagnostic Radiography : Theoretical Perspectives And The Research Process1017 Words   |  5 Pagesevidence-based diagnostic radiography: theoretical perspectives and the research process in two published journal articles To understand the evidence provided in evidence-based diagnostic radiography, one must first define the parameters in which the research took place. With regard to the articles being analysed, (Mackay et al. 2012 and Carlsson and Carlsson 2013) a discussion between the different theoretical perspectives and types of data acquired during the research process will be explored. ComparisonsRead MoreExamine the view that theoretical issues are the most important factor influencing sociologist’s choice of research methods.827 Words   |  4 PagesExamine the view that theoretical issues are the most important factor influencing sociologist’s choice of research methods. Many sociologists argue that theoretical issues are the most important factors to affect choice of method. Theoretical issues refer to what we think society is like and if we can obtain an accurate and truthful picture of it. There are four different concerns regarding theoretical issues which influence sociologist’s choice of research methods. Validity is a method that givesRead MoreA Critical Discussion On Gender, Masculinity, Power, And Gender Politics1656 Words   |  7 Pagessociologists must adopt particular research methodologies and examine certain theoretical perspectives when conducting research in gender. The study of gender is broad and consists of many different aspects regarding masculinities and femininities including hegemonic masculinity and the concept of ‘doing/undoing gender’. These aspects of gender and the methodologies adopted by sociologists to study theses aspects will be discussed in this essay. Similarly theoretical perspectives sociolo gists utilise suchRead MoreThe Epistemology Of The Decision Making Process Of Burglars1629 Words   |  7 Pagesimplicated in the research conducted by Emmeline Taylor about the decision making process of burglars. Essay begins with a concise definition of Criminology and a brief outline of ‘Rational Choice Theory’ which can be utilised to understand the decision making process of offenders and to provide a background for the notion of the rationality among burglars whilst acting criminal behaviour. Then it will continue with the explanation of the some key notions underpinning the theoretical assumptions ofRead MoreQuantitative And Qualitative Research Design1695 Words   |  7 PagesResearchers employ a number of research methodologies to carry out, test, analyze and describe phenomena they are interested in studying. Among the most widely used methodologies are quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method (Cozby Bates, 2012, Garza Landrum, 2015; Leedy Ormrod, 201 3; Creswell, 2013; Gergen, 2015). Qualitative and quantitative research designs, for example, are types of research approaches that provide clear directions on how to carry out a research plan (Creswell, 2013). TheRead MorePositivism vs Interpretivism Essay1575 Words   |  7 Pagescontrast positivist and interpretive perspectives underpinning social research- This essay intends to investigate by comparing and contrasting positivist and interpretive perspectives that surround social research. It will look into the use of methods such as quantitative and qualitative research and the effects and outcomes that this has in relation to social research. This will include the variations amongst them in both a positive and negative light. Before research can be undertaken the researcherRead MoreConstructing a Theoretical Framework Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesDesjardins (2010) states a theoretical framework is a logically structured representation of the concepts, variables, and relationships involved in a specific study with the purpose of clearly identifying what will be explored, examined, measured or described. The theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory that clarifies the reason for the research problem. The information found in the theoretical framework expresses to the reader why the research problem was chosen, provides a clearRead MoreSocial Cognitive Theory And The Theory Of Control, Job Satisfaction, And Performance900 Words   |  4 Pages 1998); however, virtue of â€Å"good† theory and its applications to research starts with defining theory. This paper will discuss the importance, the definition, the types of theory, comparison/contrast views of theory, and research contr ibutions to theory as it relates to furloughed contractors work locus of control (WLOC), job satisfaction, and performance. This paper will also address a theory that adds to the related research topic and analyze two areas of controversial questions related toRead MoreThe Uk Civil Partnership Act 20041670 Words   |  7 Pageslesbian and gay families (Taylor 590). Besides different perspectives by various authors, the article provides a theoretical introduction. It offers more research and views from different authors concerning same-sex marriages and civil partnerships (Taylor 587). Therefore, the opening part of the article â€Å"lesbian and gay parents sexual citizenship: Costs of public acceptance in the United Kingdom,† is characterized by different perspectives from various authors; for instance, Peel and Harding (2008)

Should Abortion Be Legal - 844 Words

Abortion is viewed as a negative decision to some people, but in recent years with the advancements in technology and prenatal testing, selective abortion has started to become widely popular among the newer generations. It is a very controversial due to many people believing it is unethical and a poor decision. There are many logical reasons for a woman wanting an abortion for a child with a disability such as, getting raped, not being financially stable enough to give the child a good quality of life, and the disruption of families a child with a disability can cause (D.I. Bromage). I believe women should be able to do whatever they choose with their body and if they want an abortion, no matter how healthy or not the baby is, they should be able to go through with an abortion without backlash. Prenatal testing and selective abortion is a good option for many parents and future mothers of children with a disability. It is beneficial both financially and mentally for some parents. Th e amount of money spent on a child from birth to whenever they leave the house is astronomical and it is not ideal for some parents, especially if the child has a disability. With recent advancements in prenatal testing, it has become a very safe option that is becoming more accepted with the years that pass. The responsibility that comes with a child is a huge factor in deciding whether to go through with the pregnancy or not. It is usually a hard decision to have an abortion or not, but whenShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. The other side of the argument, meaning people who are pro-choice, defend it by believing it to be a right been given to the women. They also clai m even if abortion was to be illegal, it would still be practiced. EveryRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal920 Words   |  4 Pagesworld has struggled with for ages and one thing that people are advocating around the world for is abortion. Abortion is either a procedure or pill that stops a fetus s heart. Abortion should not be legal because life beings at creation, abortions are a direct violation of the 14th amendment, and thousands of people would love to adopt a child: handicapped or otherwise. Abortion should not be legal because life begins at creation. What is creation? Some people say conception, but it actually isRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1320 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion, as you all may know, is a really popular topic. There have long been many debates between the two groups, pro-life and pro-choice. People who are pro-life believe that part of the government’s job is to protect all forms of human life. Those who are pro-choice believe that every individual should have control over their own reproductive systems. Pro-life supporters strongly believe that even an undeveloped fetus has life; it is still growing and it needs to be protected. And this soundsRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1217 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2015 Should Abortion be Legal Among all the issues that have been fought for or against in the United States, abortion may be one of the most popular issues that Americans are passionate about. Abortion is defined as the removal of the embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. Thousands of abortions take place every single day, and yet public opinion remains at a standstill as to whether or not abortion is ethical. Everyone holds different opinions on abortion. The proponentsRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number ofRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1135 Words   |  5 PagesKelsi Hodgkin Composition 1 Professor Chipps 19 October 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal A common debate in the world today involves abortion, the deliberate end of human pregnancy, and whether or not it should be legalized. â€Å"Every year in the world there are an estimated 40-50 million abortions. This corresponds to approximately 125,000 abortions per day† (â€Å"Abortions Worldwide this Year†). On one side of the argument, people are not disturbed by this grotesque number, and on theRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?963 Words   |  4 PagesLegal or Illegal? Which would you prefer? Not many are willing to discuss such a gut wrenching topic, but this needs to be addressed. It is a very controversial topic with having to do with women rights and activists. Since there are two sides to every argument, there is one side such as to make abortion legal and the opposing side to keep abortions illegal. In my opinion making abortion illegal can regulate the amount of women who do get pregnant. I believe that making abortions legal will let womenRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreShould Abortions Be Legal?939 Words   |  4 PagesShould abortions be legal? Abortions have been a big issue since the Roe v Wade case. There have been a lot of disagreements between the Pro-life supporters and the pro-choice supporters. Pro-life supporters feel like abortions deter murder, while pro-choice supporters believe that the women should be able to make their own decisions. I am a part of the pro-life supporters because I feel like abortions are wrong for several of reasons. Why should women get an abortion if there are other choices for

Education For All Handicapped Children Act - 1063 Words

These laws listed below were unfortunately put in place to fight the ignorance and blatant discrimination disabled people were faced with. While these laws are a blessing to many, the fact that they had to be put in place reflect terribly, but truthfully on how many people see people with disabilities. My only hope is that one day these laws will be unnecessary, because people will start to treat those with disabilities according to their needs. IDEA; Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 1990 1. IDEA or Individuals with Disabilities Education, formerly known as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) lasted from 1970 to 1990. Then in 1990, the United States Congress changed the title to IDEA. 2. This act was solely focused on affording children with disabilities the same opportunity of education as children without disabilities. The act states that schools must serve the educational needs of eligible students with disabilities; they also must evaluate students suspected of having disabilities. This is beneficial to children who parents suspect need testing, but cannot afford testing or help. IDEA is composed with four parts. Part A is the general provisions of the law. Part B covers aid of education for all children with disabilities. Part C is for infants and toddlers with disabilities, this includes children from birth to age three. Finally Part D is the national support programs. Parts A, B, C, and D are all essential to the utmost fulfillmentShow MoreRelatedEducation For All Handicapped Children Act Essay765 Words   |  4 PagesThe Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) also known as Public Law 94-142 of 1975 is a leap forward for all children with disabilities. According to the U.S. Department of Education â€Å" this law with the subsequent amendments as currently reflected in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA; PL 108-446) supports states and localities in protecting the rights of, meeting the individual needs of, and improving results for infants, toddlers, children, and youths with disabilitiesRead MoreThe Education For All Handic apped Children Act1680 Words   |  7 PagesPublic Law 94-142 The Education for All Handicapped Children Act, also know as Public Law 94-142, was signed into law by President Gerald Ford on November 29, 1975. IT took effect in 1997, and was deigned â€Å"to assure that all handicapped children have available to them a free appropriate public education which emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs† (BOOK). This is considered the â€Å"Bill of Rights† for children who have disabilities and for their familiesRead MoreThe Education Of All Handicapped Children Act1451 Words   |  6 Pagesschools have been allowed to exclude children, especially those with disabilities. However, the recognition of educators to implement change where students with disabilities are concerned has certainly come to the forefront of ethical responsibility with the passing of the Education of All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) in 1975 now known as the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA). Be fore EAHCA many states allowed schools to exclude children with disabilities from their mandatoryRead MoreThe Education For All Handicapped Children Act977 Words   |  4 PagesThe Education for All Handicapped Children act or PL 94-142 was proposed and signed into law in 1975 and began its effect in 1978. Prior to this act there was no national educational adaptation programs for children with learning disabilities. PL 94-142 was the first opportunity the government provided in order to set equality and improvement measurements for all children and for trying to identify those who are eligible for special education. The federal government’s enactment of this law ledRead MoreSpecial Education For All Handicapped Children Act1449 Words   |  6 PagesSpecial Education A first grader sits in class and finds a toy car in his pocket, the teacher calls his name with no response, the little boy is now in trouble for not paying attention. In the classroom down the hall a little girl in kindergarten can’t stay in her seat long enough to finish her drawing in art class. Each of these students will most likely go through all thirteen years of public school struggling to concentrate and intellectually compete with their peers. If something as simpleRead MoreThe Education For All Handicapped Children Act (Eha) Had957 Words   |  4 PagesThe Education for all Handicapped Children Act (EHA) had an overall goal of desegregating disabled children in schools, as well as work on integrating them in classrooms with their non-disabled peers. Until the Civil Rights Movement, not much attention was brought to the fact that children with disabilities had very little rights and were kept isolated and not given a proper education, if any at all. Because of the attention brought to the poor and unjust treatment of children with disabilities andRead MoreThe Cold War954 Words   |  4 Pagesmothers. Parents turned to the medical profession for guidance and often put their child in institutions during the era of the Cold War. Some children diagnoses are from no error of the parents but from a medical incident. Merrill is an example of brain damage from the impact of high fever. A running theme in this book isha families take the blame for their children s issues. In the 60 s parents didn t have many options, they either sent their child to an institution or kept them confined to theRead MoreSocial And Economic Problems Faced By Michigan1099 Words   |  5 Pagesthe social and economic problems faced my Michigan as they entered the new millennium and the history of special education in Michigan. The constitution of 1850 stated, â€Å"institutions for the benefit of those inhabitants who are deaf, blind, dumb, or insane shall always be fostered and supported† (Ziewacz, 164). Michigan A History of the Great Lakes State, discussed Special Education in chapter eleven. In 1854, the establishments were provided by legislature for an institute in Flint, MichiganRead MoreHistory of Special Education Law1021 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of Special Education Law Grand Canyon University Special Education Litigation and Law SPE-350 Virginia Murray August 11, 2013 History of Special Education Law Throughout the ages, people with disabilities have been hidden away at homes or institutions and were often not educated. This was common practice and as such, when the education system was designed, children with disabilities were not even considered. Then, starting soon after the civil rights movement in the 50’s, aRead MoreThe Fight for Bilingual Education and Women’s Rights in the 1960s and 1970s959 Words   |  4 PagesThe transformations were the result of such movements as Bilingual Education, women’s’ rights activity, and the passing of the Public Law 94-142 legislation. The incorporation of these new laws and ideas into society all came with their own consequences. Each of them helped, in some way, to lessen the inequality of minority groups in America, like students whose primary language was not English, women, and handicapped children. They also faced opposition by certain groups, who did not feel that

Islamic Political Thought free essay sample

The division of spiritual and temporal in Christianity has taken a long time to be enacted into the political theory of the occidental mind. There is a long history of church rule behind today’s secular political thinking. Which recognizes religion as of no significance in the eye of the state. They have taken the sovereignty from God and put it into the hands of the people. In doing so they have declared collective human conscience as their guide and have rejected all sorts of scriptures of divine nature. This is leading these societies to moral ruin. Approval of homosexuality as a legal practice by the legislatures of some western countries is an indication of the moral collapse that awaits them. Although Islam has no division of spirit and mundane but still does not support theocracy or any other form of autocratic rule. It has taken a middle course, which can best be explained by the word â€Å"autonomous†. Giving the absolute power and responsibility of guidance in the hands of God, Islam lets the, Muslims to exercise unlimited sovereignty within the limits of Quran and Sunnah. Introduction This topic seemingly look very simple and the one which can have a straightforward answer. But actually it required a great insight into the historical and the political perspective of Islamic world at large. This proposition can be tackled at a number of levels. One scheme of addressing this question could be to go to the theological injunctions, that is, to argue from Quran and Hadith. The second approach could be of digging into the history and bringing out the relevant examples. There is yet another way of going through this riddle and that is to examine the evolution of political ideology in the world of Islam and comparing it with the political evolution of the other nations or rest of the world. We may adopt any of the above methodology. But in order to get a better view of things and comprehensive answer to this question. We analyze it at all the three above-mentioned levels. This will certainly render us a better understanding of not only this question but also of many other aspects of related political problems confronting the modern Muslim societies. Before beginning with our discussion it is useful that we first determine what sovereignty is? Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary describes sovereignty as: the highest power or fully independent and self-governing. Similarly Webster’s dictionary gives the following meanings to this word: â€Å"supreme leader or the one who exercise authority in a limited sphere†. Quranic Interpretation As for as simplest mind, which goes through the Quranic text, it cannot ignore the fact that the God, that is Allah, is omnipotent, all powerful and all governing. This is the first and the last impression, which Quran leaves on any mind, no matter how naive it may be. Contrary to many doctrines, Quran declares Allah to be the sole authority on every thing that is present not only in this world but the whole of the universe. Many Quranic verses can be quoted in this context. Blessed is the Lord who holds control over all and is Omnipotent. † (Al-mulk) And again: â€Å"Exalted is the One who controls every thing and to Him you shall resurrect. † (Ya-seen) This makes very cleat that every thing lies with Allah. It flows from thence unto His creatures. Same is the case with authority and sovereignty. Allah has send man on this earth as his vicegerent. Allah has given man sovereignty to reign on this world. As Quran says, â€Å"(remember) When your Lord said to angels that indeed I shall appoint a vicegerent on Earth. † (Al-baqarah) Thus, man rules earth on the behalf of his Lord. Therefore he can exercise sovereignty with in certain limits, prescribed by Allah. Once established that sovereignty is a reign were man has been given access. We find out whether men have been given some right to make decisions for themselves or not. Is a ruler selected by Allah and imposed on men or they are encouraged to exercise their sovereign right by some collective means? Now this is an arguable question. Some section may say that a king or some sort of ruler, imposed on the society by one way or the other, has the right to exercise the sovereignty that Allah has bestowed upon men. And we also find such a precedent in the Quran, from the story of Talloot and Jalloot in sura al-baqarah we come to know that kings were imposed on men without their will and consultation, what so ever. One may cite this example from the Holy book to give weight to his argument. But one thing must be kept in minds of the people that it was the practice of Allah for the people of Israel, usually referred to as Banu-Isreal in the Quran. Who were in a stage of evolution that was to culminate at the advent of the last Prophet Muhammad (P.B. U. H)? For us i. e. the ummah of the last prophet, this rule has changed. And the new scheme under which the sovereignty has to be exercised is given in the following verse: â€Å"And they conduct their affairs with mutual consultation. † (Shura) Thus we see that Quran encourages its followers to adopt a scheme of exercising their sovereignty over themselves by a way, which hinges itself over some system of broader consultation. Of the two views, latter is the one, which seems to be accurate and closer to the rationale thinking. From the above discussion, we have reached a conclusion that Quran does recognize the sovereignty of Muslim citizen in an Islamic state and they have to device such a methodology or system, which makes it convenient for them to achieve broader consultation. Quran, similarly, rejects a single person’s claim to sovereignty and authority. Who so ever becomes a ruler of a muslim state must take the views of the society while making decisions? Now the Quran does not let loose Muslims after giving them right to sovereignty. There are a number of responsibilities that the Quran puts on their shoulders. And Quran, in its own brief but effective manner, puts them as: â€Å"Those to whom we give power, must establish the system of prayers and charity and they ask the people to do good and forbid from doing evil. † Guidance from Sunnah Sunnah i. e. Prophet’s life and actions is the biggest source after the Holy (Quran). There fore, we refer our self to this source. As the Quran says, â€Å"Consult Allah and the Prophet in a matter of discord. † At another place it is mentioned: â€Å"Surely there is the best guidance for you in the life of the prophet. † We see that the early part of the Prophet hood of Prophet Muhammad (P.B. U. H) does not give us any clue of the relation of citizens and state. It is only the latter part of his Prophet hood i. e. Medina period, in which he established a city state that we find some form or structure of a government. Now we can have any debate on the question of citizen’s sovereignty in the eye of Islam basing our investigations on this period of Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H)’s life. It has become convenient, for at the very beginning of Medina period there is a record of a political agreement between all the cross-sections of population of Medina. This political document in itself, otherwise, is a very important and valuable document. It gives an insight into the political situation of the Muslims in particular and Medina and it’s surrounding in general. Coming back to the question we are confronted with. We investigate this document to find if it sheds any light on this particular question. The first clause, which defines the parties to the treaty, adequately addresses the sovereignty of the citizens. 1. This is the treaty between the Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H), Aus and Khazraj (the helpers) and Jews of Medina and its surroundings. . Above-mentioned parties would be one group for the defense of Medina. 3. Every body is independent to practice ones religion. 4. Disputes among Jews would be settled according to their laws. It was an unprecedented treaty in respect of its very liberal approach towards communities of other religions. The point, which is very important for our thesis, is that everybody in Medina was treated as an equal party in this treaty. This was going to be the future constitution of that state for the rest of the life of the Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H). Although the Jews broke this accord and had to pay its price. We do not talk about Jews as is mentioned above that they were left to their own laws. But the Divine laws governed Muslims. Which were revealed to the Prophet (P. B. U. H. ) from time to time. Thus we see that Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) in that state was the sole source of legislation. All the laws came from him. Many people misunderstand this phenomenon and they equate this authority of making laws by the Prophet Muhammad (P. BU. H) (that were revealed) as a precedent for authoritarian government by a single man. No, this approach is essentially flawed and contrary to the practice of the Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H). If we examine his political life and circumstances prevalent at that time more carefully and keenly. Then we get to a conclusion rather different from the misunderstanding that has been indicated above. As we know that Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) was sent to a people who were totally ignorant, had never experienced any form of collective government and, therefore did not have laws and legislations. Further more, Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H)’s, messaged was meant for all times to come. Thus Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) was sent to such a neighborhood where he could construct a model beginning from scratch and having no influence of any previous system whatsoever. Now it was Prophet Muhammad’s (P. B. U. H) job to introduce to them a system of laws and governance based on the divine guidance, and through them he was to demonstrate it to all people for all times to come. Laws were of course revealed and Muslims had and have to obey them as such. But when it comes to governance, we have ample examples to quote; Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) mostly used the method of consultation. And this is what the message is that after the discontinuation of revelation, Muslims have to run their affairs in the light of revealed guidance by mutual consultation. To quote few examples from Prophet Muhammad’s (P. B. U. H) life, in order to support the notion that citizens of an Islamic state do have some rights to exercise sovereignty over themselves, we refer to the following instances from the Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) life: 1. As mentioned previously, in the very beginning of political history of the state of Medina general public i. e. Muslims were made an equal part in the matters of the governance. Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) did not make himself the sole representative of the whole Muslim community. 2. Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) appointed twelve representatives (Naqeebs) among the Ansar to represent them. 3. Before the battle of Badr Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) consulted Muhajreen as well as Ansar. 4. In the battlefield of Badr, the camping place of the army was selected on the advice of Habbad-bin-Munzir. 5. At the time of Uhad , Prophet Muhammad’s (P. B. U. H) own opinion was to fight within the city but the general opinion was to fight outside the city, and that was followed. 6. In the battle of Ahzaab, the strategy of digging a trench for the defense of Medina was again an idea presented by Salman. 7. The method of calling the faithful to the prayer was again a matter sort out by mutual consultation. Hence at end of this chapter we conclude that Prophet Muhammad’s (P. B. U. H) life adequately provides us the evidence that in an Islamic state the power to rule and govern lies with the citizens and not with a single person or family or some creed. Rather it is the right of the people to govern themselves as they please, but of course not violating the Quranic limits set upon them. Those to whom we give power, must establish the system of prayers and charity and they ask the people to do good and forbid from doing evil. † Islamic History and Muslim Scholars We have come out of an academic discussion. Now we shall be analyzing historical events and political realities. As we enter into a new phase of discussion. It will be very useful that we revise and redefine the question we are confronted with. So when we ask this that â€Å"are people sovereign in Islam? † What do we actually mean to imply? What are the other questions, which confront us when we say, â€Å"yes people are sovereign†? Having proved that sole source of power and strength is the Allah Almighty; do we mean to say, that Allah and His angels are physically involved in the governance of a state? Of course not, is the obvious answer. It is the men themselves who shall be arranging for any type of government. After placing theoretically all powers in Allah, when sovereignty is given to citizens it means following things. 1. Any government that is formed will be only due to the consensus of the majority of people. 2. Whenever there is some decision to be made, again it will be referred to people. Whatever a government or the rulers do is accountable to public. 4. As the government or state has functional powers, thus checks and balances on it to safeguard people against any sort of tyranny or exploitation. Now we shall examine different types of governments in Islamic history on the basis of these above points. To begin with, we first analyze first four guided caliphs. Abu Bakr (R. A) was made caliphs and presented him in front of public. His first address is very suitable example. It encompasses almost all the above four points. He said: â€Å"O people! I have been made caliph against my will.

The Effects on Substance Abuse on Unborn Children free essay sample

The Effects of Substance Abuse on Unborn Children Substance abuse is a problem that many pregnant women in the United States struggle with. Substance abuse is defined as the overindulgence in and the dependence on an addictive substance, especially alcohol or a narcotic drug. Generally, pregnant addicts abuse multiple substances, using a combination of drugs to self medicate themselves. In addition, women are usually addicted to drugs or have issues with alcoholism before they become pregnant. Substance abusing women have also been shown to have histories of physical and sexual abuse dating back to childhood (Gale, 2003). Many of these women are in abusive relationships in which they tend to stay in throughout their addiction. In this case, the use of drugs helps to numb the addict’s pain of such abuse. Most of these women feel distrustful of people in general and therefore, have very little support from their peers. Drug dependence is a disease. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects on Substance Abuse on Unborn Children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Drug dependence is the habituation or addiction to the use of a drug or chemical substance, with or without physical dependence. It is extremely difficult for a woman to abstain, even if she does become pregnant. In addition, if a woman decides to seek treatment she may face many barriers. This paper will address the prenatal effects of drug dependence, barriers to treatment, social policy, and what a comprehensive treatment program provides to women who are addicted to drugs and who are also pregnant. Prenatal substance abuse is wrong because there is no question that it poses serious health risks to the fetus, but also poses problems for mother. The prenatal effects of drug addiction vary among the type of drugs that are used by the mother. These drugs include the licit drugs of alcohol and tobacco. Alcohol may produce Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS); a condition characterized by abnormal facial features, intrauterine growth retardation, and central nervous system problems (CDC, 2003). This can occur if a woman drinks during her pregnancy. Children with FAS may have physical disabilities and problems with learning, memory, attention, problem solving, and social/behavioral problems. Research has also shown that boys born to mothers who consumed alcohol during their pregnancies are more likely to develop attention deficit disorders and delinquent behavior (Rothman, 2000). Smoking also has many negative effects to the reproductive process; including impaired fertility, earlier menopause, increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, as well as placenta previa, abruption placenta, and premature rupture of the membranes (CDC, 2003). In severe cases, newborn children may die of acute intoxication. According to Dr. Mark Willenbring, the director of treatment and recovery research at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, recovering from this disease can be a long road. After a year of completing a treatment program, about a third of alcoholics are sober or can have a drink occasionally without problems. An additional forty percent show substantial improvement but still drink heavily on occasion; and twenty five percent have experienced a complete relapse (Bock). Tobacco use during pregnancy can be particularly harmful to the baby as well. Studies have shown that smoking a single pack of cigarettes during pregnancy can elevate the risks of nicotine dependency in children (Buka, Shenassa, Niaura, 2003). Research has also shown that a physiological link between maternal smoking during pregnancy and smoking among offspring is plausible because nicotine and other substances in cigarette smoke cross the placental barrier and may have direct and long-term effects on the neurological development of the fetus. The nicotine that passes from mother to fetus stimulates nicotinic receptors, which are present from the early stages of fetal development. This activity may cause permanent abnormalities in the brains dopaminergic regulation. These effects, which may occur even at low nicotine doses and in the absence of notable fetal abnormalities, may result in a greater liability to nicotine dependence than in those who have not been exposed to tobacco smoke in utero (Buka, Shenassa, Niaura, 2003). The second group of drugs, are categorized as illicit and include; heroin and crack/cocaine. Heroin is an illegal, highly addictive drug. It is both the most abused and the most rapidly acting of the opiates. Heroin, and methadone, a pharmacological replacement of heroin are both considered opiates. These drugs contribute to the development of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) occurring sixty to ninety percent of the time in opiate dependent infants (Jansson Velez, 1999). Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a term for a group of problems a baby experiences when withdrawing from exposure to narcotics in-utero. However, since the drug is no longer available, the baby’s central nervous system becomes over-stimulated causing the symptoms of withdrawal. Although NAS symptoms and severity vary from child to child, many infants that are affected may display irritability, excessive crying, impaired sleeping and or feeding, fever, vomiting, frequent yawning, skin excoriation, hyperactivity, tremors, and seizures (Jansson Velez, 1999). NAS can be successfully managed with Phenobarbital; a non-narcotic sedative, Denatured Tincture of Opium (DTO); an effective narcotic replacement, combination therapy, and weaning therapy (Brown, 1998). Infants exposed to methadone in-utero may not have symptoms on the first day of life, and extreme symptoms may not appear until the third or fourth day of life. In addition, the higher the dose of methadone, the longer the duration before onset of symptoms, and the longer it will take to clear from the infant’s system. The effects of prenatal crack/cocaine on the fetus are not well understood. Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant that directly affects the brain. Crack, is the street name given to the freebase form of cocaine that has been processed to form to a smokeable substance. However many clinicians agree that preterm delivery, placenta abruption, low birth weight, and increased pregnancy loss are all increased in crack-using mothers and their infants. There is no true withdrawal syndrome among cocaine exposed newborns. However, they have been characterized as severely neuro-developmentally impaired, despite a lack of methodologically sound scientific evidence (Lester, 1998). Children of mothers who used cocaine during pregnancy may be more likely to experience delayed language development. Dr. Virginia Delaney-Black states that these children are 2. 4 times more likely to be in the low language ability group than those who are not exposed (Rothman, 2000). Drug dependent expecting mother often look to the community for support and treatment programs but find that many of these programs are male centered, they generally do not cater to women’s needs and may reject them due to their pregnancy (Gale, 2003). These women are left to navigate the public health system independently. Most medical training programs lack adequate education surrounding substance abuse and because of this many become punitive and judgmental towards this population. Another frequent barrier to care is the woman’s fear of criminal prosecution or the removal of her already existing children by the welfare system. Because women tend to withhold from telling medical caretakers of their addiction, this inhibits needed medical intervention in the form of substance abuse treatment or enhanced screening for medical complications associated with substance abuse nd pregnancy. Accessibility to the treatment facility poses as yet another barrier to care; transportation and childcare are vital necessities. Having to decide between the daily welfare of their children and the daily attendance at a drug treatment facility is an unfair choice to impose, and choosing one over the other will always be interpreted as a bad choice by the caretakers or society (Jansson Velez, 1999). Social policy h as recently contributed a fair solution in dealing with the issues of pregnancy and addiction. According to Berger Walfogel cases are referred to Child Protective Services (CPS) only if a child has been tested positive for drugs and there are indications that the mother or father cannot adequately take care of him or her. Children who test positive to being exposed to drugs in the womb are referred to a clinician for an assessment to determine whether or not they require a developmental intervention; such as home visiting by a nurse or social worker specializing in early intervention with substance-exposed children. In addition, the parents of these children are referred to substance abuse treatment programs for detoxification and recovery. With evidence, cases are referred to CPS only when the substance abuse treatment worker or home-health provider has concerns that warrant protective intervention. Lastly, screening is helpful to determine if an infant has been exposed prenatally to drugs. Screening also allows the physician to offer counsel and refer the mother for treatment prior to giving birth. Comprehensive treatment programs have been designed to fulfill the many needs of substance abusing women. Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center in 1991 established the Center for Addiction and Pregnancy (CAP) to provide a multidisciplinary approach for the treatment of substance dependent women. CAP was the first gender specific treatment center in Maryland and it has served as a national model ever since. Their program offers easy accessibility to the center by providing transportation and childcare services. In addition, CAP offers residential and outpatient care, drug treatment and detoxification, individual and group therapy, educational classes, couples counseling, and outreach services. All infants born to CAP patients, including their older siblings, are eligible for pediatric care until the age of twenty-one regardless of their mother’s participation (Jansson Velez, 1999). CAP provides a one-stop shop to patients, with all their services located in one building. Their program accepts women that other programs do not want, such as women with behavioral problems and women who continually relapse. Only two restrictions apply to being a patient at CAP; women have to be pregnant and violence of any kind will not be tolerated. In addition, there are other treatment programs in Maryland modeled after CAP. Prince George’s County and the Eastern Shore both have programs that cater to the needs of pregnant addicts with the exception of services in one building. However, they do provide transportation to and from locations and also offer childcare services. Overall, the outcome of such women and their children vary from mother –infant dyad to another. Some children will be separated into foster care at birth, while others will be monitored while living with their mother and possibly their father in treatment programs. Some children start out in foster care and then move back home when evidence shows their mom and/or dad is sober and well into the recovery process. Other children may remain in foster care for the rest of their childhood and adolescence, possibly never knowing who their biological parents are. However, if the child is to remain with their drug dependent mother, the issue of abuse and/ or neglect can become a major problem. Characteristically, the drug dependent mother who is given responsibility for their child goes into a living situation where she is forced to assume total care. She rarely has the support of her family of origin, and if there is a man in the household, he rarely assumes responsibility for childcare. Whether the substances are licit or illicit, drug dependent women are less able to care for their infant or young child because they are simply not aware of what their needs are, as her consciousness is too frequently dulled by drugs. The dangers involved with taking drugs during a pregnancy involve health risks associated not only with the mother but also the unborn fetus and include complications that extend well into the newborn’s life. Therefore, when considering the welfare of children, the high prevalence of relapse found among drug dependent mothers needs to be taken into account. References Berger, L. M. , Walfogel, J. (2000). Prenatal Cocaine Exposure: Long-Run Effects and Policy Implications. Social Service Review, 30-47. Bock, J (December 15). Mom: Drunk, killer, victim. McClatchy Tribune Business

The Tale of Kieu

The Tale of Kieu â€Å"The Tale of Kieu† is a Vietnamese epic poem written by, Nguyá »â€¦n Du  (1766–1820). It is one of the most important pieces of Vietnamese literature. It is a moving story about a young Vietnamese girl named Kieu who attempts to undo the wrongs of her past life, by enduring hardships.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Tale of Kieu specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through the story, we are drawn into the world of Vietnamese culture and way of life. The writer depicts injustice within the feudal system, after the dethroning of the Le Dynasty, and the status of women then. Even though the story is about 200 years old, it still holds true, as the plight of many young Vietnamese women is almost the same in today’s world. One of the main issues and controversies surrounding the story of the protagonist is morality. Many people consider this an immoral story, as it depicts the life of a prosti tute. On the contrary, this story lends a voice to millions of women across the globe that human trafficking is a horrendous crime that exists even in this sophisticated world. The Tale of Kieu† is a moral work as it depicts the hardship of a woman, who is forced into prostitution, to save her family from poverty, and betrayed by the men she loved. It exemplifies the plight of many young women who are trapped in slavery. The main protagonist Kieu is sold into prostitution and is constantly deceived by the men in her life. Despite this, she tries to maintain her dignity, and face her problems with determination. The author of the story focuses on the good as well as the bad aspects in the life of the protagonist. On many occasions in the story, we can see that Kieu is not an innocent character. But, this may be because of the fact that she has been wronged so many times in life, that she did what she thought right for her. She realized from her early day that she cannot trust a nyone in her life and that she has to look after herself for her survival. Many of her acts reveal that originally she is not a morally degraded woman. One cannot deny the moral act, when she refused Kim’s lustful designs on her, when they first met. As they were not married yet, she found it wrong to sleep with him, as maintaining chastity till marriage was the right, moral action for any woman. They were deeply in love with and initially when each other, kim professes his love for her, she replies, â€Å"ll etch your word, our troth, in stone and bronze (Du). But, at the same time, she goes back on her vows, as she bends to the circumstance of her life rather than upholding her vows. Even though she fails to keep her promise to her true love, she is dutiful to her father, and she sacrifices herself to save her family from poverty and prison. Her sacrifice to save her family from hardship and poverty is nerve wrecking. Throughout her ordeals, she is used and abused by men. Yet she remains duty found, and responsible to her family. When she is visited by a ghost who reminds her about her bad â€Å"karma† and when she foresees her doom, she says,Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"How sorrowful is woman’s lot! How sternly fate will deal with all of us!† (Du par. 2). We can see that her fall is not her doing. It is the pressure of circumstances that make her immoral. Many people could relate this to their surroundings, as there are many in the same circumstance as Kieu. Through Kieu’s story the author reveals the hard realities of life. Life has its own course as it is already scripted. Kieu represents those who are born to sacrifice everything in life, for their family. Even though, the protagonist tries to be virtuous, her circumstances in life do not allow her to be the person she wants to be. Fate ha s other things in store for her. Kieu is not an immoral woman, but just a victim of her fate. Du, Nguyen. The Tale of Kieu. Paper Masters. A Division of E World Publishing, Inc. Web.

Human Trafficking Policies in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Trafficking Policies in Australia - Essay Example This paper stresses that the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime Convention (UNTOC) protocol and the United Nations Convention on Refugees prevents states from denying entry to people needing protection due to dangerous situations in the country of origin. However, Australia receives many asylum seekers from Asia and Europe and as a result its human trafficking policies are geared towards preventing asylum seekers from entering the country through mandatory detention, lengthy processes by use of swap deals, and a discriminatory visa regime. The paper will discuss the controversial application of these policies and make recommendations on the appropriate policies to eliminate or reduce asylum seekers. According to the paper Australia is one of the countries that ratified the United Nations Convention on Refugees in 1954. The convention prohibits countries from returning asylum seekers or refugees to a place they would be further persecuted. Asylum seekers are those fleeing from their country to avoid racial, ethnic or religious persecution, internal conflicts, mass human rights violations, and foreign aggression. The convention also prohibits states from punishing asylum seekers who enter the country illegally or through smuggling. The asylum seekers are scrutinized by the UNHCR and given refuge status and those that don’t qualify are deported. However, there are those that enter to another country for economic reasons making it difficult to differentiate those needing protection and economic migrants.  

Case analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case analysis paper - Essay Example Howard was of a humble background and little was known about him in his early years. He studied in a poor school and his life had financial challenges that at one point he was even selling blood and bartending just to make ends meet (Schultz 25). He later grew to become a great salesman and switched from his career as vice president of a Swedish kitchen equipment firm to help the Starbucks stores grow their business. He worked on expanding this business, which he successfully did until the owners sold the whole Starbucks Company to him. Howard has been a true inspiration of how hard work and determination are necessary requirements for the growth and expansion of any business (Schultz 30). He has endured threats and trying times but his company is still among the best to this day. Many critics opposed his expansion plans to cities such as Chicago and Los Angeles but his sheer determination and persistence saw him become a top brand countrywide in a few years. We see that this man was not only making a difference in his life but was also focused on improving the lives of all around him (Schultz 40). Howard Schultz has devoted much of his time to corporate responsibility and has been very keen on making sure that his employees are happy at the work place. To evaluate the performance of this highly successful company, we are going to use the SWOT analysis on Starbucks. Among its strengths is the fact that Starbucks has built its name to be a brand name in the coffee business in the United States and globally. This is due to its specialty in the coffee sector (Schultz 50). The company CEO Howard Schultz is also a barista. This is important due to the fact that this implies he has expert knowledge of the services he is providing to his customers. He is able to relate with his employees as well. Among the other strengths is the huge customer loyalty base the Starbucks has attracted. These customers are willing to

Intercultural communication Essay Example for Free

Intercultural communication Essay The only way for Africa to rise out from the ruins of its social conflicts is to drop its notions of finding a scapegoat. There will always be good days and bad days. Equality in every aspect of human life is an ideal dream. Progress varies among people. Instead of pulling people down, assistance should be given to individuals who are in need. It is a way of giving back what is due for the person. African citizens should not look at foreigners as a threat. They must look at the new individuals as helpers in the establishment of growth and development. â€Å"There has been an increasing awareness towards racism throughout the southern Africa, due to land conflicts and resource-based racial tensions, as well as the increasing number of refugees and migrants that have challenged national governments to be more incisive in their policies concerning racial relations and immigration† (Pinto, 2000). Immigrants must be considered as hard working individuals who are simply out to make their lives harmonious and comfortable. The turmoil in the African region can only be solved with a thorough understanding of the consequences brought upon by the implementation of harsh and cruel methods. Bloodshed is not necessary. Senseless killings have nothing to contribute to the society. Engaging in the hate campaign will bring agony not only to the victims but to the perpetrators as well. People who brandish their firearms and fire them recklessly have no motivation at all. Because of the ongoing racial conflict, education has fallen out of radar. There are numerous significant things to do which hatred and violence have taken out of the picture. Africa and the rest of the world can be progressive. By eliminating the ill feeling being harbored by individuals towards their fellowmen, new ways of stabilizing a society can be achieved and manifested. People must concentrate on what is good. Good things bear good fruits. Hatred has no place in the present world if peace and stability is to be attained. It takes courage and determination to eliminate the element of hate from destroying the unity and affection among people. The violence in Africa is a prime example of respect. The influx of foreigners into neighboring lands can lead to cooperation. It is true that a diversity of different cultural backgrounds can be difficult to incorporate together. But by respecting and understanding other people’s cultural heritage and traditions can bring significant results. CONCLUSION The violence in Africa is a senseless method of self preservation. It is an act that does not promote human preservation as a whole. Citizens are threatened by the numerous populations that seek refuge in a continent already suffering from various social concerns. In the past, war among clans and tribes is common. Leaders are out to grab power. Individuals want to control parts of the land. The problem with people around the world is that they are too consumed by their emotions. Hatred has found a common ground for it to build momentum. â€Å"The attitude of racism is based on prejudice, which is more emotion, feeling and bias than it is judgments† (Vorster, 2002). By entertaining the thought of inflicting harm over the other person to gain an upper hand, violence is sure to explode, just as it erupts in the streets and vast lands of Africa. BIBLIOGRAPHY Barrow, G.. South Africa’s New Racism. BBC News. (2000, August 28). Retrieved October 1, 2007 from http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/world/africa/899543. stm Pinto, R.. Racism and Xenophobia Debate Gains Momentum. Southern African News Features. (2000, October 16). Retrieved October 1, 2007 from http://www. sardc. net/editorial/sanf/2000/Iss19/Nf4. html Vorster, J. M.. Racism, Xenophobia and Human Rights. The Ecumenical Review. (2002, July). Retrieved October 1, 2007 from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m2065/is_3_54/ai_92136475 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Attacks on Somalis Expose Xenophobia. IRIN. (2007, October). Retrieved October 1, 2007 from http://www. irinnews. org/report. aspx? reportid=60776 Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Federation. Xenophobia, Solidarity and the Struggle of Zimbabwe. (2006, December 11). Retrieved October 1, 2007 from http://www. anarkismo. net/newswire. php? story_id=4424.

?Dead Poets society? :: essays research papers

â€Å"Dead Poets society† In the film â€Å"Dead Poets Society†, dir. Peter Weir, we can see vivid pictures from the life at Welton, a very old and traditional boys school. The action is taking place in 1950s. It is predominantly viewed by the eyes of Todd Anderson (Ethan Hawk), newcomer, who is very shy and timid and is under the pressure because of his elder brother, who was successful and popular student of Welton. He and his classmates Knox, Max, Neil Perry and the others, came here to get a classical education and they were expected so. But everything had changed when a new literature teacher, Mr. John Keating (Robin Williams), came. He graduated here and came to teach here. But he taught another way, his methods absolutely differed from those of other teachers and from the spirit of the school in a whole. He was trying to teach them out of the textbooks. He loved poetry very much and wanted his students to love it too and he believed that it would help them in their future life. And Todd, Neil an d the whole class loved him very much. They discover that while studying there, Mr. Keating organized the â€Å"Dead poets society† and decide to continue this â€Å"society†. In the secret from the whole school they get together in a cave at nights, smoked, read poetry and spoke About everything: poetry, girls, philosophy, about the life in a whole. But the principal doesn’t share the student’s admiration of their teacher. Especially after the fact that Neil Perry killed himself because he wanted to be an actor but his father didn’t allow him. He wanted his son to be a doctor. And the administration saw (or wanted to see) here the influence of Mr. Keating and his lessons. All the members of the â€Å"society† were punished and Mr. Keating – dismissed. But in the final scene, when he come to take his belongings, some his students stand up at the desks to show their protest and solidarity with their favorite teacher. In this film Peter Weir in a masterly way showed the conflict between hypocrisy spirit of Welton and fresh jet of Keating’s philosophy. In a broad meaning it can be considered as a conflict between romantism and realism, between the way we would like to live and the way we live, the real life and how should we do with this problem.

Gender Stereotypical Attitudes Past Essay

It has been generally observed that workplace attitudes on gender have continued to influence decisions and direct actions in organizations. These attitudes have tended to be directed more at women than men. The result has been a hindrance in the effective participation of women in decision-making at the workplace. Most men, and sadly women, have had the opinion that women lack the ability to function in management positions that require strategic decision making within the organization. They are said to lack the ability to decide on their feet, as somebody would put it. Research findings unfortunately seem to point at the existence of this sad scenario in most organizations. A research carried out by Wood (2008) provides a lot of insightful information on the effect of gender stereotyping of women at the work place. Out of a total of 30 respondents selected for this study, there were 19 men and 11 women, who happened to be in various management positions in their organizations. It is interesting to note the gender stereotyping began right from the sampling. One wonders why the researchers decided to use 19 male and 11 female managers and not 15 male and 15 female managers. A good number of the female managers in the US felt it would take over 10 years for women to achieve equal representation with men in terms of job placement. A number of male respondents from the US shared a similar view and supported his position by submitting that in the organisation where he works, there are very few women, and even then most of them take long durations in lower positions. Some female respondents were of the opinion that it would take more than a decade for women to realize 50% representation in senior management positions. A female respondent was of the opinion that 50% representation might not be realized. She however opined that this was not because women lacked the ability to perform in these high positions, but because they were not simply interested in taking up such positions. This position is tandem with the respondents who were asked if they aspired to be promoted. Whereas 68% of the men said they aspired for promotion, only 55% of the women were willing to be promoted. It is however unclear whether their lack of aspiration is due to lack of skills, knowledge and abilities. Whereas 58% of the men said that they had successfully achieved promotion, only 27% of the women shared this position. It is however debatable whether their failure to secure promotion was based on their lack of interest, lack of ability or because of their smaller number in organizations. It would appear that children hinder women from aspiring for management positions because one respondent said that women who wish to get these positions put off bearing children. Some respondents said that senior management positions are not open to everybody, but to a small clique of old boys who operate like a closed shop. Breaking into this network requires people with unique abilities, and not many women have the stamina to push through. The few who have been able constitute the small percentage. Some managers were of the view that achieving 40/60 percent representation for women and men respectively in more than 10 years could be more realistic than 50/50 percent representation. They argue that it takes time to develop somebody to management level, which not many women are willing to wait for patiently. Even when they reach the top, some of them opt out and might not be replaced by other women, but by men. It was also felt by some respondents that management positions require performers, which not many women might be. They feel that 50% representation at any time might be quite ambitious, but 10% would be realistic. Cumulatively, out of the female respondents, 1 felt that it would take 5 – 10 years to have 50% female representation, 2 said it would take more than 10 years while 4 said it would take 10 years or more. Only one female respondent said women will never achieve 50% representation. 1 said it would take another 5-10 years, while two said it would take more than 10 years from that time. 1 out of the 19 male respondents said it would take between 5-10 years to achieve 5% female representation, while 1 said it would take more than 10 years. 6 said it would take another 10 years or more. 5 male respondents said women will never achieve 50% representation, while one said it would take them more than ten years to achieve a paltry 10% representation. The results from this research could have major implications in the actual working environment as far as female aspirations for higher managerial positions are concerned. The first implication which is more theoretical in nature is that women are being negatively influenced as far as their career advancement is concerned. When the results make it abundantly clear that chances of achieving a 50% female representation on the workplace are slim, most of the female employees will get demotivated and will find no reason to aspire for high managerial positions. Such a decision is likely to keep them at the lower level of then organization hence inhibiting their career advancement. Making top management positions appear like a private members’ club which requires connections before joining could easily scare away women from venturing. Not many women are able to weave their way through male dominated networks. The few who are able are possibly the ones who share such positions with men. Some women would like to be mothers as well as career women. Making it appear as if advancing in one’s career can only take place at the expense of family life is enough deterrent to a woman’s career advancement. The practical implication of the research findings is that organizations might fail to sufficiently utilize the skills, knowledge and talents possessed by women. It is known that women have some unique abilities which could be harnessed and utilized in the organization. Scaring them away from management positions where important decision making is done denies the organization opportunity to benefit from their input. Apart from being scared by the attitude of men, fellow women also play a role. References Wood, Glence. 2008. Gender Stereotypical Attitudes Past, Present and Future Influences on Women’s Career Advancement. Equal Opportunities International, Vol. 27 No. 7, pp. 613-628

Everyone Can Associate The Word, “Cancer”, With Someone

Everyone can associate the word, â€Å"cancer†, with someone they know. It may be a mother, uncle, teacher, grandparent, or friend. For example, one of my childhood best friend’s mother died from breast cancer. There is a problem with current medical research because most of the testing is performed on animals. It makes sense to use humans to find a possible cure for any human disease. Each year thousands of people die from cancer or a life-threatening disease because of ineffective medical research, therefore, inmates for life should have the opportunity to participate in medical research testing which could lead to cures for cancer. First, animal testing has not been proven accurate for converting drugs to human use. According to an article†¦show more content†¦To those who aren’t animal lovers, it is understandable that they would not have much of an opinion on this. But, these animals that are being tested are receiving â€Å"Cruel and Unusual punishment† and it is not leading to cures for serious illnesses. So, to those who are animal lovers, it can seem very wrong that a dog or cat, which could be part of a family, is being killed for no purpose. Animals have about 95% of the same genes humans do. So, although this sounds really close, it is not close enough to develop effective drugs for human use after testing them on animals. Humans do not have fur and four legs, and no animal can talk, feel, and understand. Find another source for this para. One of the biggest problems in animal testing is taking the animal testing results and converting these to results that will work on humans. An article from the American Anti-Vivisection Society states that animal testing has never been proven to be successful from the Scientific Literature (Problems With Animal Research). 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